Beijing has entered the "flu peak period", and the municipal CDC publishes two sets of data every week.
How did the influenza surveillance data come from?
Around New Year’s Day, Beijing entered the "influenza peak period". The latest influenza pathogen monitoring results in Beijing showed that influenza A (H1N1) virus and influenza A (H3N2) virus were co-prevalent, with the positive rate of H1N1 virus being 43.1%, which was lower than that of 53.6% in the same period last year. Every week, the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention will publish the data of influenza-like cases and the results of pathogen monitoring, and judge the epidemic situation. How did these two sets of data come from? Today, the reporter interviewed Yang Peng, an epidemiologist at the Institute of Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Control of Beijing CDC, and asked him to reveal the whole process of obtaining influenza surveillance data.
Symptoms monitoring of influenza-like cases
Daily report: Beijing has a influenza case monitoring network all over the first-class and above hospitals. Every day before 12 noon, all hospitals should report the data of influenza-like cases from 0: 00 to 24: 00 the day before through the module of Infectious Disease Monitoring and Early Warning System of Beijing Medical Institutions and Influenza Monitoring Report. "Every medical institution has people who are responsible for the review and reporting of data."
District audit: the data will be uploaded to the district CDC; The disease control department at the district level will review the report of medical institutions in the jurisdiction before 14: 30 every day.
Investigation and verification: Once the data of abnormal report is found, it will be investigated and verified in time. This network and efficiency ensure that the data of influenza-like cases can be summarized in time and effectively.
Case monitoring: Medical institutions do not need to monitor all patients, but focus on internal medicine clinics, emergency and pediatric clinics, emergency and fever clinics.
What kind of patients can belong to "flu-like cases"? Yang Peng introduced that the monitoring of influenza-like cases in hospitals is mainly symptom monitoring, that is, judging from symptoms: fever (underarm temperature ≥38℃) accompanied by cough or sore throat.
Pathogenic monitoring results are more accurate.
At the same time of symptom monitoring, more accurate pathogen monitoring is needed, and Beijing will publish the results of pathogen monitoring regularly.
Hospital sampling: the first step of monitoring is that the monitoring clinics of various sentinel hospitals in Beijing are responsible for collecting throat swab samples of influenza-like cases. According to the relevant regulations, each sentinel hospital of national network laboratory collects no less than 20 specimens per week from October to April of the following year, and no less than 10 specimens per week from May to September; Each sentinel hospital of the municipal network laboratory collects no less than 15 specimens per week from October to April of the following year, and no less than 10 specimens per week from May to September. In order to make the data more accurate, it is required that the amount of samples collected by medical institutions should be evenly distributed every week to avoid centralized and surprise sampling. All the patients sampled were influenza-like cases within 3 days of onset.
Testing: The collected samples will enter the sentinel network laboratories. After receiving the samples collected by sentinel hospitals, the laboratories will carry out nucleic acid testing of seasonal H3 subtype, H1N1 influenza, H5 subtype avian influenza, H7N9 avian influenza, H9 subtype avian influenza, Yamagata strain B and Victoria strain B influenza viruses within 12 hours.
Final review: The municipal CDC is the final review institution. This kind of pathogen monitoring can help public health personnel to better judge the current "main" virus strains, so as to make a more accurate judgment on the epidemic situation. Our reporter Jia Xiaohong
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