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Opinions of the Ministry of Transport on Shenzhen’s pilot work of building a transportation power, such as the construction of a high-quality innovative international aviation hub.

Ministry of Transport on Shenzhen’s Construction of High-quality and Innovative International Aviation Hub and Other Transportation Powers
Opinions on pilot work
Jiao Planning Letter [2020] No.585

Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Transportation:

The Request for Instructions from Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau on Approving the Application for the Pilot Implementation Plan and the Pilot Task of Building a Traffic Power in Shenzhen (Shenjiao [2019] No.262) has been received. In order to focus on the implementation of the objectives and tasks in the relevant fields of the Outline of Building a Powerful Transport Country, according to the Notice of the Ministry of Transport on Launching the Pilot Work of Building a Powerful Transport Country (Jiao Planning Letter [2019] No.859), the main opinions are as follows:

1. We agree in principle to carry out pilot projects in the construction of high-quality innovative international aviation hub, the integrated development of urban rail transit and station-city, the construction of close inland port system of port cities, the three-dimensional composite reconstruction and expansion of expressways in highly urbanized areas, the construction of free-flow toll collection system, and the innovative application of smart transportation technology (the specific points are attached). Please further refine the pilot tasks, implement specific measures, clarify the stage objectives and time schedule, and report to our department in time.

Two, strengthen the organization and leadership of the pilot work, establish and improve the pilot work promotion mechanism, clear division of responsibilities, strengthen policy support. Strengthen up-and-down linkage, strengthen coordination, and encourage all parties to actively participate.

Third, make overall plans to promote and highlight key points, and strive to make breakthroughs in the reform of airport system and mechanism and the construction of four-type airports, the integrated planning, construction and operation of stations and cities in metropolitan areas, the construction of inland port system, the three-dimensional composite reconstruction and expansion technology of expressways and the free-flow toll collection system, and the application of intelligent networked cars and Beidou high-precision positioning technology in the transportation industry, forming a number of advanced experiences and typical achievements, giving full play to the role of demonstration and leading, and providing experience for the construction of a strong transportation country.

Four, strengthen the tracking, supervision and summary, the major problems in the pilot work, as well as the phased achievements and successful experience models, timely report to the Ministry and the Shenzhen Municipal People’s government. Submit the summary of the annual pilot work to our department before the end of December every year.

I will work with relevant departments, units and experts to actively guide the pilot work and strengthen support in the preparation of the relevant "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan". Conduct follow-up research, monitoring and evaluation and exchange of experience in a timely manner. After the completion of the pilot task, organize the assessment, achievement identification, publicity and promotion.

Ministry of Transport
August 24, 2020

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Key points of the pilot task of building a strong traffic country in Shenzhen

First, build a high-quality innovative international aviation hub

(1) Pilot units.

Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau, Development and Reform Commission, Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, Shenzhen Airport (Group) Co., Ltd..

(two) the pilot content and implementation path.

1. Carry out the requirements of building a new development pattern based on "double circulation", strengthen the connection with the development planning of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Airport Group in the 14th Five-Year Plan, and revise and improve the Layout Plan of Shenzhen Airport International Route Network. Strengthen the allocation of international routes, flight schedules and international air rights. In the process of actively, gradually and orderly promoting the opening of international air traffic rights, we will support the air traffic rights required for flights on international routes that are suitable for the construction and positioning of high-quality and innovative international aviation hubs. Create a route network facing the Asia-Pacific, connecting Europe, America and Australia, and connecting the "Belt and Road". Build a base airline with strong international competitiveness and cultivate local global network airlines.

2. Promote digital transformation and the construction of four-type airports, comprehensively try out new policies and technologies in the industry, innovate digital applications such as self-service of passengers and tracking of luggage, actively explore technical applications such as ground-based augmentation system (GBAS), wake reclassification standard (RECAT) and point fusion, vigorously improve operational efficiency and management level, and build an international aviation hub with the best experience.

3. Strengthen the reform and innovation of system and mechanism, improve the operation mechanism of airport platform, establish and improve the airport operation management mode, explore the materialization and statutory operation of airport transportation management committee, and comprehensively improve the modernization level of large-scale airport governance capacity. Promote the reform of Greater Bay Area’s airspace management system and mechanism, explore the establishment of Greater Bay Area Joint Control Center in Shenzhen, and promote information sharing and collaborative control at the airport group level in Greater Bay Area.

4. Promote the development of aviation logistics, improve the "truck flight" business, develop higher value-added logistics formats such as cold chain and valuables, enrich the types of cross-border e-commerce business, establish an aviation logistics information service platform, and build an express distribution center with strong international competitiveness.

5. Actively develop air, air, sea, rail and other intermodal services, optimize the customs clearance environment at ports, implement the policy of exempting 24-hour direct transit passengers and direct round-trip crew from border inspection procedures, explore "one inspection to the end" and provide convenient and smooth transportation services for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area passengers.

(3) Expected results.

After 1-2 years, the international competitiveness of Shenzhen Airport has been significantly enhanced, and the service quality has been continuously improved.

After 3-5 years, the multi-terminal system of Shenzhen Airport was formed, and the comprehensive support capability was greatly improved. There are more than 100 international routes connecting Shenzhen Airport with global innovative cities, hot cities in Europe, America and Australia, and node cities in emerging market countries of "Belt and Road", and the international passenger and international cargo and mail throughput of the airport account for 20% and 50% respectively. The reform of system and mechanism and the construction of four-type airports are in the forefront of the industry, the operational efficiency and management level have been greatly improved, the modernization of governance capacity of large airports has reached the international first-class level, and the service level and passenger experience rank among the forefront of similar airports in the world.

Second, the integrated development of rail transit and station city in metropolitan area

(1) Pilot units.

Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau, Development and Reform Commission, Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, Office of Rail Transit Construction Headquarters, Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd..

(two) the pilot content and implementation path.

1. Cooperate with neighboring cities to carry out the rail integration planning of Shenzhen-Guanhui metropolitan area, promote the construction of a number of intercity railway projects in Shenzhen-Guanhui intercity, Shenzhen-Dalian intercity and Guangzhou-Guanshen intercity extension, and accelerate the extension of Shenzhen urban rail transit network to neighboring cities.

2. Relying on the construction of Xili and Airport East Hub, explore the unified planning, design, construction and management mode of hub led by local authorities. We will carry out three-dimensional layered rights establishment and layered transfer of railway hub land, promote the integrated development of hub stations and cities, and solve existing problems such as fragmentation and poor connection.

(3) Expected results.

Through 1-2 years, start the construction of intercity railway projects such as Shenzhen-Dalian Intercity, Guangzhou-Dongguan-Shenzhen Intercity Extension and Shenhui Intercity. Cross-city urban rail projects such as Shenzhen Line 10 extending eastward to Fenggang, Dongguan, Shenzhen Line 14 extending eastward to Huiyang, Huizhou, Shenzhen Line 11 extending northward to Chang ‘an, Dongguan, and Shenzhen Line 22 extending northward to Tangxia, Dongguan, were included in the fifth phase construction plan of Shenzhen Urban Rail Transit and started construction.

In 3-5 years, the branch line of Shenzhen Line 6 and the border section from Huangjiang to Shenzhen-Dongguan of Dongguan Line 1 have been connected and put into operation. The construction of Xili Hub and Airport East Hub has been completed, forming an integrated workflow of unified planning, design, construction and management of hubs that can be operated and replicated. The integrated planning, construction and operation mechanism of rail transit and station-city in Shenzhen-Guanhui metropolitan area has been further optimized, and the level of convergence has been comprehensively improved to support the efficient and coordinated development of the region.

Three, the port city close inland port system construction

(1) Pilot units.

Shenzhen Transportation Bureau, Office of Rail Transit Construction Headquarters, Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd., China Merchants Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Yantian Port Group Co., Ltd. and Yantian International Container Terminal Co., Ltd.

(two) the pilot content and implementation path.

1. Improve the infrastructure network of Shenzhen Port, and get through the "last mile" of railway entry. Promote the transformation of Pingyan and Pingnan Shugang railways, speed up the construction of Pinghu South railway freight yard, and start the preliminary work of Liguang inland port.

2. Innovate and form a multi-agent cooperative maintenance and service mode for the port-dredging railway. Give full play to the initiative of local governments, port logistics enterprises, railway operating enterprises and other multi-subjects in the construction, operation and management of the port-dredging railway, and optimize the transportation organization process. Use new generation information technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence and blockchain to integrate the information of relevant parties in multimodal transport and promote the interconnection and sharing of public information in multimodal transport.

(3) Expected results.

Through 1-2 years, we will complete the research on the operation mode, site selection and port-dredging railway planning scheme of the container close-range inland port system in Shenguanhui area, complete the detailed planning of the reconstruction of Pingyan Railway, complete the preliminary study on the feasibility of Pingnan Railway and start construction, and complete the construction and operation of Pingnan Railway freight yard.

After 3-5 years, the Pingnan Railway reconstruction was completed, and the Pingyan Railway reconstruction project started. An agreement was reached with Dongguan on the construction of the inland port of Liguang, and the land was confirmed, completing the preliminary work of the inland port of Liguang and the branch line of Hunan-Liguang railway. Form a set of systematic technical achievements including the planning method, construction mode, operation mode and supervision mechanism of close-range inland ports. Complete the construction of comprehensive information service platform, realize data exchange and sharing among customs, railways, inland ports and comprehensive bonded areas, and significantly improve the service level and overall efficiency of multimodal transport.

Fourth, the three-dimensional composite reconstruction and expansion of expressways in highly urbanized areas and the construction of free-flow toll collection system

(1) Pilot units.

Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau, Public Security Bureau, Shenzhen Expressway Company Limited.

(two) the pilot content and implementation path.

1. In-depth study on the key technologies of expressway three-dimensional composite reconstruction and expansion represented by Ji-He Expressway, and create a composite pattern of expressway network integrating bridges, tunnels and roads.

(1) Explore the formation of technical standards for the comprehensive utilization of urban transportation infrastructure. By using the intelligent construction technology of bridge industrialization, this paper puts forward a reasonable connection method and structure suitable for the modular construction of upper and lower structures of urban bridges, and forms an integrated bridge erecting machine equipment design scheme including multiple systems such as component assembly, real-time monitoring and intelligent control.

(2) Based on full-factor, full-cycle digitalization, BIM model is the core carrier, creating a digital twin of the machine-to-truck expressway, establishing an intelligent construction and operation management platform, diagnosing the state of physical entities in real time, realizing the "knowable, measurable and controllable" of the whole process of construction, management and transportation, and improving the level of digital intelligence of high-speed expressway construction management.

(3) Support the dynamic management of complex traffic flow through scientific and technological means. Strengthen the research on key technologies such as active identification, short-term prediction, knowledge map and collaborative control, establish an intelligent operation management and control platform with four core capabilities of foresight, collaboration, self-knowledge and openness, break through the difficulties of traffic management and control, realize the active management and control of the whole line and the upper and lower levels of traffic, and improve the operational efficiency, traffic safety and service experience level of the three-dimensional composite expressway.

2. Explore free-flow charging technology to improve highway traffic efficiency and service level.

(1) Through ETC gantry system and supporting inspection equipment, the automatic deduction of fees for vehicles that meet the requirements and the automatic inspection of vehicles that do not meet the requirements are realized, and an open toll collection system without station and free flow is established.

(2) Explore the free-flow toll collection mode implemented by expressway operation and management units, incorporate the pilot road toll into the existing departmental and provincial clearing and settlement modes, and improve the online toll clearing and settlement system under the new mode.

(3) Build an institutional system covering information sharing, joint inspection, credit management and supporting policies.

(3) Expected results.

After 1-2 years, the three-dimensional composite reconstruction and expansion project of the Ji-He Expressway was started, and the Technical Guide for Geometric Design of the Three-dimensional Composite Expressway and the Research Report on BIM-based Digital Intelligent Construction for the Three-dimensional Composite Expressway were formed based on the project. Initially built an intelligent construction management platform based on BIM. Complete the key technology research and system design of expressway free flow charging, and form the "Freeway Free Flow Charging Mode Scheme".

After 3-5 years, the three-dimensional composite reconstruction and expansion project of the machine-Dutch expressway will be completed. Breakthroughs have been made in the design concept and technical standards of three-dimensional composite expressways, key technologies of large-scale industrialized intelligent construction of bridges, active traffic control mode, and intelligent integrated management of construction, management and transportation, forming a complete set of three-dimensional composite reconstruction and expansion technologies for high-speed expressways in highly urbanized areas. Build an active traffic control system, intelligent construction and operation management platform based on BIM. Realize the charging mode of ETC deduction and high-definition license plate recognition to assist inspection, build an open free-flow charging test system without station, and form a new free-flow charging demonstration.

V. Innovative application of intelligent transportation technology

(1) Pilot units.

Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau and Public Security Bureau.

(two) the pilot content and implementation path.

1. Strengthen the popularization and application of traffic information infrastructure, and promote the demonstration construction of new smart transportation infrastructure based on technologies such as 5G and Internet of Things.

2. Promote the construction of comprehensive transportation big data system, improve the integrated management and control capability covering all modes of land, sea and air, realize the intelligent regulation of "one network" of the city’s traffic lights, and promote the construction of smart parking projects.

3. Promote the testing and pilot application of intelligent networked vehicles in Shenzhen, and accelerate the development of intelligent networked technology-related industries.

4. Promote the application of Beidou satellite navigation system in the transportation field, enhance Beidou’s location service capability, and provide more detailed monitoring and management services for various vehicles.

5. Research and apply new technologies to realize economic leverage to regulate road use, increase the use cost of cars in the core area and optimize the travel structure.

(3) Expected results.

After 1-2 years, the construction of new intelligent transportation infrastructure in a number of cities represented by Qianhai Hub, Shenzhen Airport, Mawan Port Area, Shekou Cruise Terminal and Shenzhen Metro has been greatly promoted, and the intelligent operation level of transportation infrastructure has been significantly improved.

In 3-5 years, Shenzhen Urban Traffic Big Data Center will be built, and projects such as the construction of intelligent management and control platform for transportation integration and the "one network" regulation of traffic lights will be completed, and the ability of precise management and fine service will be greatly improved. Introduce relevant policies and standards for intelligent networked vehicle test and application pilot, build Shenzhen intelligent networked traffic test demonstration zone, and build 1-2 intelligent networked vehicle application pilot lines. Basically build a Beidou ground-based reinforcement network covering the whole of Shenzhen, and promote the deep application of Beidou high-precision positioning technology in the transportation industry. We will introduce policies to regulate the use of cars in urban core areas through economic leverage, build a benign mutual feedback mechanism between traffic demand regulation and green travel improvement, and strive to share the bus motorization rate at the peak of the pilot area not less than 80%.

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Multi-local tax big data shows that products with wide export to domestic market are popular.

Export to domestic sales has become an important measure for many foreign trade enterprises to cope with the current challenges. The reporter recently learned from the tax authorities in many places that according to the statistics of tax big data, many foreign trade enterprises are accelerating the export to domestic sales, and the pace is becoming more and more stable.

According to the tax economic analysis data of Guangdong Provincial Taxation Bureau in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, the domestic sales amount of export enterprises in Guangdong Province has exceeded last year’s level in April, while the domestic sales amount in May was basically the same as that in April, and the domestic sales amount in June increased by 3.8% year-on-year. Among them, the export of communication equipment manufacturing industry, textile and garment industry and motor manufacturing industry has achieved outstanding results, and domestic sales have increased significantly against the trend; Private and foreign-funded export enterprises have a high degree of domestic sales. From January to May, the proportion of domestic sales increased by 0.8 and 0.7 percentage points respectively. In June, the domestic sales of private enterprises increased by 6.7% year-on-year.

The same phenomenon happened in Ningbo. According to Pan Congbo, director of the Second Taxation Branch of Ningbo Taxation Bureau, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, from the recent big tax data, 17.6% of foreign trade enterprises’ VAT invoices increased year-on-year, among which 27.7% of production-oriented export enterprises’ domestic sales increased.

The change from export to domestic sales has made some enterprises go against the trend. Xinli Optoelectronic Co., Ltd. is a supplier of intelligent terminal accessories. In the first half of this year, the company’s export volume decreased by 50.4%, but domestic sales increased by 91.2% against the trend, eventually driving the overall sales growth by 39.8%.

Guangdong Yuanhua New Materials Co., Ltd., located in Foshan, is mainly engaged in the research and development of new anti-skid mats and yoga mats. Before the COVID-19 epidemic, 80% of its market was overseas. With the rise of new models such as "cloud fitness" in China, they have accelerated the development of products that meet the fitness habits of Asians. From February to June, the sales volume of the company’s official online store increased by 43% year-on-year.

It is not easy for enterprises to export to domestic market, and they are faced with a series of problems such as channel development and brand remodeling. The reporter learned that the tax authorities in many places use tax big data to help foreign trade enterprises find domestic sales channels and help them explore the domestic market through platform distribution, live broadcast and new retail.

"Zhuji, Zhejiang is known as the’ socks capital’. Relying on big data analysis, tax officials have sorted out 546 socks enterprises that generate foreign trade data." The staff of Zhuji City Taxation Bureau in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China introduced that after on-the-spot visits and understanding, they identified two batches of more than 50 hosiery enterprises that want to sell domestically and can sell domestically. In the first half of this year, these hosiery enterprises have successfully transferred to domestic sales through the new retail channels established by local e-commerce associations, and the total sales volume has reached 56 million pairs.

All localities have also speeded up export tax rebates to solve problems for foreign trade enterprises to export to domestic sales. It is understood that in the first half of this year, the tax authorities of Sichuan Province accelerated the implementation of the new export tax rebate policy through a series of measures such as opening a "green channel" for tax rebate in the tax service hall and promoting paperless tax rebate, with a total export tax rebate of 5.088 billion yuan.

From January to May this year, the domestic sales turnover of Guangdong Ouya Home Furnishing Co., Ltd. was 48.106 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 252.7%. Lian Yushan, executive deputy general manager of Eurasia Home Furnishing, said: "Since the beginning of this year, we have enjoyed 6.59 million yuan in export tax rebate and 1.467 million yuan in social security fee reduction, which provided financial support for us to move to the domestic market."

Ningbo Shunda Risheng Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. enjoyed a preferential income tax of 170,000 yuan for small and micro enterprises in the first half of this year; After the value-added tax rate is reduced from 16% to 13%, the capital occupation of enterprises will be reduced by about 400 thousand yuan; The phased reduction of social insurance premiums saved another 86,000 yuan. "With tax incentives, we have increased the R&D and production of new domestic products, which makes us more confident in adjusting our market strategy." The person in charge of the company said.

It is understood that in order to alleviate the financial pressure of export enterprises and help stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment, the tax authorities have vigorously promoted paperless tax refund declaration, speeding up the average processing time of normal tax refund business by 20%, and even reducing it by more than 50% in some areas. (Reporter Dong Bijuan)

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In the first quarter, prices continued to operate steadily, and the consumer market was well supplied.

CCTV News:According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics today (April 11th), in the first quarter of this year, China’s consumer price rose by 1.3% year-on-year, while the ex-factory price of industrial producers decreased year-on-year. In March, China’s consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.7% year-on-year, down from the previous month.

1— In March, on average, the national consumer price increased by 1.3% compared with the same period of last year, and the ex-factory price of industrial producers decreased by 1.6% compared with the same period of last year.

Guo Liyan, Director of Comprehensive Situation Research Office of China Macroeconomic Research Institute:Judging from the state of CPI operation in the first quarter of this year, food is a factor to stabilize CPI operation. For example, measures to stabilize the production of some fresh agricultural products and promote the convergence of production and marketing have been solidly implemented, and food has shown a trend of seasonal stability and decline. At the same time, the price of service also shows a moderate fluctuation trend, which is basically consistent with the current contact service industry and some aggregate consumption and stable upward trend. Prices continued to run smoothly in the first quarter, which also laid a solid foundation for the overall stability of prices throughout the year.

With the continuous recovery of production and life, the consumer market is well supplied. In March, China’s consumer price index (CPI) decreased month-on-month and increased year-on-year. From the ring comparison, food prices decreased by 1.4% due to factors such as warmer weather and increased fresh vegetables. Non-food prices fell by 0.2% from last month to be flat. In non-food products, due to the continuous recovery of travel demand, the prices of accommodation and air tickets increased year-on-year. From a year-on-year perspective, CPI rose by 0.7%, and the growth rate dropped by 0.3 percentage points from last month.

In March, affected by the accelerated recovery of the domestic economy and the price trend of some commodities in the international market, the national industrial producer price index (PPI) was flat month-on-month and decreased year-on-year. From the ring comparison, with the continuous improvement of domestic production and market demand, the prices of steel, cement and other industries have risen. Due to seasonal factors such as rising temperature, the demand for coal has decreased, and the prices of coal mining and washing industries have declined. In addition, the price of electronic equipment manufacturing such as computer communication has turned from a decline last month to an increase. From a year-on-year perspective, the PPI decreased year-on-year due to the higher comparative base of oil, coal, steel and other industries in the same period last year.

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How to make the blind representative Wang Yongcheng ＂visible＂ when making the Braille reply for the first time？

　　"I feel very warm and very moved to receive this Braille version of the representative’s suggested reply. It is a tangible,’ visible’ and heavy answer to our blind people. "

　　Recently, at the Fujian Disabled Persons’ Federation, Wang Yongcheng, a representative of the National People’s Congress, received suggestions from representatives in Braille from the Ministry of Education of China, the National Health and Wellness Commission of China, China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. and the China Disabled Persons’ Federation. This is the first time that the NPC deputies have produced a Braille version of the deputies’ suggestions.

　　Wang Yongcheng is the only blind representative in the 14th National People’s Congress.

　　After his accidental blindness at the age of 19, he overcame many difficulties and gradually became the chief physician of medical massage for the blind. Later, he held a training course on blind massage and founded the Fujian Strait Massage Guidance Center for the Blind. Over the past ten years, he trained more than 6,000 blind masseurs free of charge, and the employment rate reached 98%, which led more blind people to embark on the road of poverty alleviation and self-reliance.

　　"I came out of the countryside and knew the sufferings and needs of blind brothers and sisters." Before going to Beijing to attend the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress, Wang Yongcheng visited and investigated everywhere to collect the demands of the disabled groups for equal participation in society and sharing the fruits of development. "Although we can’t see ourselves, we can let more people see us!"

　　During the investigation, Wang Yongcheng learned that ordinary textbooks are easy to cause visual fatigue for students with low vision who study in regular classes, which affects the quality of integrated education. "Many parents report that their children can’t keep up, can’t stay and can’t learn well in class."

　　To this end, he submitted the "Proposal on Publishing Large Text Textbooks for Students with Low Vision in Regular Classes", calling for meeting the learning needs of students with low vision and speeding up the construction of barrier-free environment.

　　In May, the Constitution and Law Committee of the National People’s Congress went to Fujian to investigate the draft law on barrier-free environment construction, and listened to the opinions of representative Wang Yongcheng face to face. In June, the third meeting of the 14th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) was held, and Wang Yongcheng was invited to attend the meeting. On June 28th, the meeting voted to pass the law on barrier-free environment construction. Paragraph 2 of Article 31 of the law stipulates: "The state encourages the compiling and publishing units of teaching materials to compile and publish teaching books in Braille and low-vision versions according to the reality of different educational stages to meet the learning needs of the blind and other visually impaired students." Representative Wang Yongcheng’s suggestion was adopted.

　　According to the staff of the Ministry of Education, 13 large-print textbooks have been launched in the autumn semester of 2023. In the next step, the Ministry of Education will continue to promote the development of integrated education with relevant departments to provide more convenience for students with low vision to study in regular classes.

　　Regarding the production of the Braille version of the reply, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), on behalf of the relevant person in charge of the Working Committee, introduced that as the production of the Braille version of the reply involves translation, proofreading, auditing, printing and other work, the requirements are high, the procedures are strict, and the time is tight. On behalf of the Working Committee, he has always maintained close communication with the relevant contractors, and actively contacted China Braille Publishing House to complete the production of the reply as scheduled and accurately in late October.

　　"The door-to-door delivery of the reply is to implement the provisions of the Representative Law to provide protection for representatives to perform their duties as representatives, and to ensure that the representatives receive the suggestions in time and understand the handling of the reply." The relevant person in charge of the Working Committee of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s deputies said that this is also the full implementation of the relevant provisions of the Law on the Construction of Barrier-free Environment and the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, highlighting the protection and respect for the rights and interests of disabled representatives, and showing special care and concern for disabled representatives.

　　Recently, a number of organizers arrived in Fuzhou and submitted a Braille version of the representative’s suggested reply to Wang Yongcheng, a representative of the National People’s Congress. The picture shows Wang Yongcheng reading the Braille version of the suggested reply. Guo Xuan photo

　　After receiving the reply, Wang Yongcheng touched Braille, carefully read the reply word by word, and communicated with the relevant organizer on the handling situation.

　　"In the beginning, I felt deeply responsible and glorious." Wang Yongcheng admits that from the moment he knew that he would attend the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress, he felt uneasy. "I was afraid that I would not perform my duties well and I was afraid that I would not be able to attend the meeting smoothly." After the meeting, his worries were dispelled.

　　As a staff member, his wife accompanied him all the way. When he went to the Great Hall, he was equipped with a special car, barrier-free access and a computer for the blind in the room … In order to facilitate Wang Yongcheng’s performance, during the conference, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) knew his special needs in advance and provided thoughtful and meticulous service guarantee.

　　Organize relevant organizers to conduct field research and face-to-face discussions with representatives of Wang Yongcheng; Organize training courses for NPC deputies to help them improve their ability to perform their duties; Absorb and adopt the representative’s suggestions and write them into the law on the construction of barrier-free environment … During the intersessional period, the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Municipal Working Committee of Representatives continued to provide service guarantee for the representatives to perform their duties, and promoted the representatives’ suggestions to handle the whole process of communication and contact, and supported and guaranteed the representatives to perform their duties "non-stop" according to law.

　　During the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress, Wang Yongcheng put forward three deputies’ suggestions; During the intersessional period, one representative proposal was put forward. Four suggestions related to employment for the blind, education, barrier-free environment construction and other issues have been completed.

　　"Intimate care and warm service", representative Wang Yongcheng was very satisfied with the handling of the work, and used these eight words to evaluate the proposed handling process.

　　"I brought the voices of the most grassroots and most disabled people to the CPC Central Committee and relevant state departments, and the (suggested handling) was smooth and smooth, thanks to the active promotion of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and of course it was inseparable from the cooperation and support of relevant departments. Institutional guarantee is the most important thing. " He said.

　　"Through the handling of the recommendations, the relevant departments will further form a joint force to solve the difficulties and problems encountered in the process of progress, and jointly promote the disabled to receive better education, fuller employment and extensive integration into social life." Zhou Jian, director of the Rights Protection Department of China Disabled Persons’ Federation, said.

　　Behind the continuous development of the cause of the disabled is the superiority of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. The story of Wang Yongcheng tells the true meaning of people’s democracy in the whole process, interprets the power of the people’s congress system, and writes a new chapter in the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. (Guo Xuan)

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Henan strives to build 20 standardized wisdom islands throughout the year and incubate 200 competitive and innovative enterprises.

　　On January 3rd, the Information Office of Henan Provincial Government held a press conference, focusing on the related work of vigorously boosting market confidence and promoting economic stability in Henan Province.

Wechat pictures _20230103093504

　　Whether it is to expand investment, promote consumption, cultivate industries and strengthen the main body, it needs to be implemented in real projects, and it needs a high-quality carrier platform as a support to make the elements of development more concentrated and kinetic energy more concentrated. Which carrier platforms will Henan focus on? Ma Jian, Party Secretary and Director of the Development and Reform Commission of Henan Province, answered a reporter’s question at the press conference.

　　Strengthen the industrial carrier

　　Further play the role of the main position, main battlefield and main engine of economic construction in the development zone.

　　At present, the development zones in Henan province have been integrated from 288 to 184, and the key reform tasks such as "three transformations and three systems" and "management Committee+company" have been basically completed. In the future, the focus of work will be shifted to industrial development, and all localities will be urged to focus on the responsibility of owners and go all out to attract investment, projects and services.

　　Implement leapfrog development actions. Organize the work promotion meeting of development zones in the whole province, formulate policies and measures to promote the high-quality development of development zones, and carry out the establishment of industrial transformation demonstration development zones.

　　Strengthen the "heroes on average". Scientifically and orderly promote the expansion and regulation of development zones, and establish a comprehensive evaluation system of input and output per mu and a differentiated allocation mechanism of resource elements.

　　Strengthen monitoring and assessment. Improve the mechanism of monthly monitoring and quarterly notification, and organize observation activities in development zones.

　　Be a carrier of precision agriculture

　　Further strengthen the agglomeration effect of scientific and technological resources on platforms such as Zhongyuan Agricultural Valley.

　　Recently, the provincial development and reform commission focused on the major needs of national seed industry and food security, and planned and laid out the Central Plains agricultural valley in a forward-looking way. Subsequently, the overall plan of "Central Plains Agricultural Valley" and the construction plan of the core area will be implemented as soon as possible, and a number of landmark seed science and technology innovation projects will be implemented to strengthen the dislocation linkage with Zhoukou National Agricultural High-tech Zone and accelerate the construction of 4 million mu of high-standard farmland demonstration zone, which will provide important support for building a solid foundation of a grain-producing province and helping to build an agricultural power.

　　Be an excellent and innovative carrier

　　Further build a first-class innovation ecosystem.

　　Since last year, the provincial party committee and the provincial government have built an innovative carrier platform system with the integration and promotion of the "three-in-one" construction of the Provincial Academy of Sciences, the Central Plains Science and Technology City and the Zhengzhou Center for National Technology Transfer as the leader, supported by provincial laboratories, industrial research institutes, pilot bases and wisdom islands.

　　As a development and reform system, the provincial development and reform commission will vigorously promote the construction of standardized wisdom islands, and strive to build 20 all-factor, low-cost, convenient and open wisdom islands throughout the year, and incubate and cultivate 200 competitive and innovative enterprises.

　　Open carrier for living

　　Further enhance the domestic and international dual-cycle link function of the airport area and the "Aerial Silk Road" international forum.

　　The airport area is an important gateway to Henan’s opening to the outside world, and the "Aerial Silk Road" international forum is the only national forum with the theme of "Aerial Silk Road" in China. Henan will focus on the implementation of the institutional opening strategy, adhere to both soft and hard efforts, and jointly empower Henan Province to open to the outside world at a high level.

　　On the hard side, it is mainly to further promote the "second venture" of the airport area. High-level preparation of the development plan of the airport port area in the new stage, deepening the expansion of the "double hub" cooperation model between Zhengzhou and Lu, implementing the action of improving the quality and efficiency of air cargo at Zhengzhou Airport, striving for the landing of the second base of China Post Aviation, and starting the construction of Zhengzhou Air Mail Processing Center.

　　On the soft side, it is mainly to accelerate the institutionalization and platform development of the "Aerial Silk Road" forum. Explore and hold the International Cooperation Forum on the "Silk Road in the Air" in turn with Luxembourg, strive to become a sub-forum of the national "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum, link the Henan, China CIFIT, the overseas CIFIT in Luxembourg and other activities, launch and implement a three-year action plan to deepen cooperation with Europe, and attract a number of key industrial projects in the fields of automobiles, parts and semiconductors.

　　"The provincial economic work conference specifically proposed that the port economy should be regarded as the starting point and breakthrough point for the high-quality development of Henan Province this year. We will continue to expand the airport, strengthen the dry port, develop the water port, promote the linkage between the comprehensive bonded zone and bonded logistics center and aviation, railway ports and various functional ports, gather various port-oriented industries with one port and one policy, and strive to achieve double-digit growth in cargo and mail throughput of Zhengzhou Airport, and operate more than 3,000 flights of Zhongyu in China-Europe trains. " Ma Jian said. (Song Xiangle, Wang Yizhen)

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Frequently asked questions about influenza vaccination this winter and next spring, Fujian CDC answers.

Influenza (referred to as "flu") isCaused by influenza virus infectionAcute respiratory infectious diseases.Influenza vaccination isAn effective means to prevent influenza.About influenza vaccination this winter and next springSome common questions,Fujian CDC answers are as follows↓↓↓

1. What are the antigenic components of trivalent and tetravalent influenza vaccines this year?

The trivalent influenza vaccine recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2023-2024 based on chicken embryos in the northern hemisphere consists of:

A/Victoria/4897/2022（H1N1)Pdm09 similar strain

A/Darwin/9/2021(H3N2)Similar strain

B/Austria/1359417/2021(Victoria department)Similar strain

The tetravalent influenza vaccine component contains two strains of B strain, namely the above three strains and B/Phuket/3073/2013.(Yamagata system)Similar strain.

Compared with the previous year, the vaccine component recommended by WHO in this year has been replaced with influenza virus subtype A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine strain.

2. What kinds of influenza vaccines are available in 2023-2024?

Influenza vaccines listed in the world are divided into inactivated influenza virus vaccine, live attenuated influenza virus vaccine and influenza virus recombination vaccines.

According to the components contained in the vaccine, it is divided into trivalent and tetravalent influenza vaccines.

According to the production process, it can be divided into chicken embryo culture, cell culture and recombinant influenza vaccine.

Influenza vaccines used in China in the epidemic season of 2023-2024 include trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3), tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) and trivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV3).

Both IIV3 and IIV4 have 0.25ml dosage form and 0.5ml dosage form, and LAIV3 has 0.2ml dosage form.

3. Which key groups and high-risk groups give priority to influenza vaccination?

It is suggested that all people who are over 6 months old and have no contraindications should be vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Combined with the epidemic situation of influenza and the prevention and control strategy of multi-disease prevention, the harm of influenza should be reduced as much as possible.

Priority recommended key and high-risk groups:

1 medical personnel, including clinical rescue personnel, public health personnel, health and quarantine personnel, etc.;

2. Older people aged 60 and over;

3. People suffering from one or more chronic diseases;

4. Vulnerable people and employees in gathering places such as old-age care institutions, long-term care institutions and welfare homes;

5. Pregnant women;

6. Children aged 6-59 months;

7. Family members and caregivers of infants under 6 months old;

8. People in key places such as kindergartens, primary and secondary schools and supervision places.

4. What is the immune persistence after influenza vaccination?

The immunity acquired by human body after being infected with influenza virus or inoculated with influenza vaccine will decline with time, and the degree of decline is related to factors such as people’s age, physical condition and vaccine antigen.

A study on antibody dynamics of influenza vaccine in Australia showed that the antibody level induced by various vaccine strains reached a peak one month after vaccination, and began to decline about three months later. After vaccination for six months, the antibody level was still higher than the baseline, suggesting that the antibody protection level can be maintained for at least six months after vaccination.

A study in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province also found that the antibody level mediated by some vaccine strains was still high after 6 months of influenza vaccination.

Studies have shown that the serum antibody level in the body decreased significantly after one year of influenza vaccination. Studies have shown that the decrease of serum antibody is related to the decrease of the number of bone marrow plasma cells, that is, the specific bone marrow plasma cells increased after 4 weeks of influenza vaccination, but decreased to the pre-vaccination level after 1 year.

In order to match the ever-changing influenza virus, one or more strains of influenza vaccine recommended by WHO will be updated in most seasons, and it also exists that the vaccine strains are exactly the same as the previous season.

In order to ensure the maximum protection of the vaccinated population, even if the composition of the influenza vaccine is exactly the same as that of the previous season, since the antibody titer produced by most vaccinators in the last vaccination has dropped significantly, it is still recommended to vaccinate before the arrival of the influenza season in that year regardless of whether the influenza vaccine was vaccinated in the previous season.

5. What are the requirements for the vaccination times of influenza vaccine?

Children from 6 months to 8 years old should be vaccinated with IIV vaccine: children from 6 months to 8 years old who are vaccinated with influenza for the first time should be vaccinated with two doses (two doses of the same vaccine should be selected) with an interval of ≥4 weeks; Children who have received one or more doses of influenza vaccine in 2022-2023 or before are recommended to receive one dose.

Vaccination of children aged 6 months to 8 years: No matter whether they have been vaccinated with influenza vaccine, only one dose is given.

Children and adults aged 9 and over only need one dose.

6. What are the taboos for influenza vaccination?

Anyone who is allergic to any ingredients contained in the vaccine (including excipients, formaldehyde, cracking agents and antibiotics) or has a history of severe allergic reaction to any kind of influenza vaccination is prohibited from vaccination.

Patients with acute diseases, severe chronic diseases or acute attacks of chronic diseases and fever are advised to be vaccinated after recovery or stable control of their condition. Patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome within 6 weeks after previous influenza vaccination are advised to be evaluated by a doctor before considering whether to vaccinate.

The following people are prohibited from being vaccinated with LAIV:

① Persons with low immune function due to drug use, HIV infection and other reasons;

② Children and adolescents who have been treated with drugs containing aspirin or salicylic acid for a long time;

③ Children with asthma aged 2-4 years;

4 pregnant women;

⑤ Those with a history of Guillain-Barre syndrome;

⑥ Those who used antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir and zanamivir 48 hours before inoculation, or those who used palamivir 5 days before inoculation, or those who used balosevir 17 days before inoculation.

7. Can influenza vaccine and other vaccines be vaccinated at the same time?

Inoculation with other inactivated and attenuated live vaccines:

Inactivated influenza vaccine can be inoculated simultaneously or sequentially with other inactivated vaccines and attenuated live vaccines; If two live attenuated vaccines are inoculated at the same time, the interval should be at least 4 weeks.

Inoculation with Covid-19 vaccine at the same time:

People aged 18 and above can be vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine and Covid-19 vaccine at the same time, and at the same time, they should be vaccinated at the inoculation sites of both limbs. For the minors who have been vaccinated with LAIV and under the age of 18, it is suggested that the interval between vaccination with Covid-19 and Covid-19 should be more than 14 days due to the lack of evidence at present.

8. When is the timing of influenza vaccination?

Usually, after 2~4 weeks of influenza vaccination, antibodies with protective level can be produced.

The time and duration of the annual peak of influenza activity are different in different parts of China. In order to ensure that the recipients can get immune protection before the high-incidence season of influenza, it is suggested that all localities arrange vaccination as soon as the vaccine is available, and it is best to complete immunization before the local influenza epidemic season. Vaccination units can provide immunization services throughout the epidemic season.

In the same influenza epidemic season, people who have completed the whole vaccination according to the vaccination procedures do not need to be vaccinated again.

9. Besides influenza vaccine, what other vaccines can be vaccinated to prevent respiratory infectious diseases?

In addition to influenza vaccination this winter and next spring, pneumococcal vaccine and Covid-19 vaccine are also recommended for the elderly and people with chronic basic diseases.

For children, it is suggested that non-immunization programs such as pneumococcal vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine should be inoculated on the basis of continuing immunization program vaccination. No matter whether it is an immunization program vaccine or a non-immunization program vaccine, the requirements of vaccination specifications should be strictly followed during the vaccination process.

10. How should we protect against influenza vaccine before it is produced?

Wear a mask scientifically. If you go to a closed environment and crowded places, take public transport or go to the hospital, it is recommended to wear a mask and pay attention to changing it in time.

Develop good personal hygiene habits. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with paper towels or towels. Wash your hands or disinfect your hands in time after touching public facilities such as elevator buttons and door handles, and after coughing or sneezing. In addition, daily attention should be paid to keeping the environment in the home and workplace clean, and opening windows regularly for ventilation.

Develop a healthy lifestyle. In daily life, we should keep enough sleep, adequate nutrition and proper physical exercise to enhance our physical fitness and improve our immunity.

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Diablo： A German drama with nearly perfect score, with no bad ending.

Note: this article contains spoilers, but spoilers do not affect the viewing of this play.

Does free will really exist? Netflix’s German drama "Dark" can shake even the most determined people who believe this.

The third season (the final season) released on June 27 th closed the distorted old and new worlds, and the complicated puzzles in the 28 episodes of the third season were put back in place. The tragic fate of many characters’ cycles dissipated in the fog of the god of time, and the "Original World" resumed the simple linear flow of time.

Poster of Diablo Season 3

In the last shot, we saw pictures of the wall that once haunted everyone in Wendeng town, most of whom never existed. On June 21, 1986, the clockmaker mistakenly turned on the time machine, which destroyed his "original world" and split the old and new worlds. Since then, the residents of Wendeng town have fallen into a closed loop, and the reproduction of life has become a mother-daughter paradox. Incest, killing relatives, killing children and killing themselves from another time and space have occurred constantly, and everyone has sipped the bitter wine that fate has already prepared.

In the first two seasons, the jumping timeline gradually pieced together the scene that "everything is closed loop and everything is destiny". Many characters have a sense of "Déjà vu" at a certain moment, and the experience of peeping through the tree of life is actually a cycle of fear. The town of Wendeng, a place of tragedy. Everyone has the pain of bereavement, and the motive that drives them to kill is attachment, and they want to save their loved ones/everyone by changing the "past".

The philosophical, religious and scientific system of Diablo is based on the evolution of the West in the past thousands of years. The religious view of birth-death-rebirth in ancient Egypt observes the life and death of the characters in the play, and the study of time by modern physics has become the theoretical basis of time machine and parallel universe. Classical dualism: life and death, light and darkness, corresponding to the fission of the old and new worlds, and two teams of time travelers headed by Adam (Jonah) and Eve (Martha) with contradictory goals.

From this point of view, Diablo is a master. It not only rarely combines the fatalistic closed loop of time travel with the fate bifurcation of the parallel universe in genre dramas, but also tortures the root of fatalism by tracing the fate trajectory of the characters in an extremely cold way.

Every character that Wendeng appeared on the stage has its own epic. The best part of the script is that a character has the opportunity to meet himself at different ages, or confront, cooperate or even kill each other. When the fog was still heavy in the first two seasons, the audience could not tell whether the elderly Jonah, Martha and Claudia were lying to their younger selves, nor could they know their intention of crossing frequently. There is only a vague feeling that the old man is like a pool ball, guiding fate to realize his intention. They don’t care who they kill, just let everything repeat, what’s the point of taking the "right" road at the critical turning point?

As I said before, every character in Diablo is sad. Tragedy can be roughly divided into two types: 1) the young self can’t understand it, and at the same time tries to avoid becoming the old self, but in the end, the course of life repeats itself and the hateful cycle can’t be broken. 2) Everyone who wants to change the story and save their loved ones has failed, either here or there, and finally tragedy is always staged.

But they are all fighters, and no one becomes a numb fatalist after repeated crits, willing to accept the "fate arrangement" calmly. Young people struggle with their old selves, and those who see the mystery of the cycle resist flagrantly. The fate of Nelson and his wife will surely remain in their hearts long after the end of the play.

Ulich Nelson, who traveled through time to find his missing son, was imprisoned as a madman in a madhouse for decades. Finally, I found my son, and my father and son fled to the mouth of Time Cave because of a little magic trick, which almost succeeded and eventually failed. When ulich’s wife, Katrina, robbed the time machine, she found old ulich and tried to save him from the madhouse. Unfortunately, it happened again. She was killed by a young mother who was not pregnant with her (she didn’t know her and mistook deja vu for a sign of the devil) and became a female ghost in the lake.

In the third season, the more accelerated and fragmentary timeline clips clearly show everyone’s futility and despair to the audience. Because of the situation, talent and destiny, the Wendeng people trapped in the closed loop gradually divided into four types. The first one, represented by Katrina and Hannah, has not yet discovered that the world is closed-loop, acting on instinct and realizing the true meaning of life little by little in pain. The second is represented by time travelers, who find the existence of closed loop, realize how the tree of life was created, and personally promote the kindness and incest needed for reproduction; Have faith, stand with Adam or Eve, and understand your responsibilities in the old and new worlds. The third is Jonah and Martha, that is, Adam and Eve. They have a firm belief in the cycle, and the process is like the birth of religion. One group prides itself on the light, and the other believes in nothingness, all driven by love. Adam wants to end the cycle. His ideal heaven is forgetting and nothingness, and everyone doesn’t have to suffer again and again. Eve hoped that the cycle would never end, so that she and Adam’s son could be born again and again. The fourth kind has only one person, Claudia, the "white devil". Only after collecting enough pieces can she complete the whole puzzle, find out the real origin of the cycle, and have the courage to eliminate two worlds that should not exist, so that her daughter Regina in the "primitive world" can live.

The most ignorant are the Catalina, but they break through their fate like warriors in an attempt to save their loved ones. They are most like the tragic heroes of ancient Greece, who fought against fate with the determination to realize free will and won the greatest respect from the audience. The most unfortunate thing is that travelers in time and space mistakenly believe in Adam and Eve, always carrying out orders and never breaking the rules. The deepest implication is Jonah and Martha. Their enemies and mentors are always their older selves, symbolizing the human beings who have repeatedly had youth and repeatedly become rigid and old-the old always want to keep things as usual, and the old always want to control the young.

Adam and Eve, who became similar religious leaders in self-reinforcement, could not see the real crux. Only Claudia, who is eager to save the woman, is single-handed and pure-minded, and neither wants to destroy the two worlds nor promote the cycle indefinitely. How did she guess the origin? The secret can’t be leaked. The screenwriter hid the secret, perhaps to imply the existence of higher power. If time itself is God, he doesn’t need to pay attention to this mischievous joke. Let a person find the "knot" and break it, and there is no need for a reason.

Diablo seems to describe the appearance of modern religion, and there is not necessarily an omniscient and omnipotent god. In other words, time is God, and he may not have the will that human beings can understand, but human joys and sorrows, life and death are all decided by him.

This "god" will not pity the sadness of the two worlds born like a tumor, and will not make any noise, give no guidance, and be completely silent. Finally, Jonah and Martha decided to go back to the real origin-before the watchmaker’s son died in a car accident, so as to prevent the watchmaker from building a time machine to bring back the dead. The price is that they and all the people born in the distorted world of the old and the new will disappear.

Jonah and Martha’s consciousness and self-sacrifice contain the philosophy of eastern and western religions. Let go of your obsession and admit that you are the product of mistakes, as if you were taught by Buddha. Sacrifice yourself, break the cycle, let the "primitive world" return to normal, and embrace the spirit of Christ.

Regardless of whether the God of Time exists or not, the sinful and bloody town of Wendeng, which witnessed numerous human crimes, should not cease to exist like the last toast of Katrina. Even if Jonah, Martha and many others were never born, they were just dreams or deja vu of others. It is meaningful to fight and seek like this.

In the last scene, in a thunderstorm, Hannah, Katrina, Doppler and others who have never experienced all this have dinner. Hannah, who is pregnant, suddenly wants to name her future child Jonah. There are more than one way to understand this ending. Behind the sense of deja vu that everyone will encounter may accommodate such a magnificent epic. Another possibility is much darker: Hannah gave birth to Jonah and started the cycle again, but it didn’t end.

[Specially published by Shanghai Literature and Art Review Special Fund]

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Creative long picture ｜ General Secretary is deeply concerned about people on the snowy plateau.

　　Tibet is cold and oxygen-deficient, and the environment is hard. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is deeply concerned about people living in this land. In July, 2021, when the Supreme Leader visited Tibet, he emphasized that to promote the high-quality development of Tibet, we should insist that all development should be given the meaning of national unity and progress, improve people’s livelihood and unite people’s hearts, and be conducive to enhancing the sense of acquisition, happiness and security of the people of all ethnic groups.

　　People of all ethnic groups in Tibet bear in mind the earnest entrustment of the General Secretary, unite as one, forge ahead, and jointly paint a picture of high-quality development of Tibet’s economic prosperity and social stability.

↓↓↓Click on the picture↓↓↓

　　Chief planner: Ren Weidong

　　Chief producer: Xu Zhuangzhi

　　Producer: Chu Guoqiang, Chang Ailing

　　Planning: Qi Huijie, Zhou Ning and Ling Wei’s family

　　Producer: Hu Guoxiang, Zhai Yongguan

　　Final review: Zhang Shuqi Kang Lilin Jiang Chen.

　　Reporter: Qiu Xingxiang Li Jian

　　Design: Nie Yi

　　Editor: Chen Qian Nie Yi

　　Technical support: He Liu

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Complete solution of basic knowledge of ASIC chip

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This article is reproduced from WeChat WeChat official account’s "Intelligent Computing Core World" by Hao Zi. Reprint this article, please contact WeChat official account of Intelligent Computing Core World.

ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) chip is an application-specific integrated circuit, which is designed and manufactured from the root level according to the user’s demand for a specific electronic system. Its computing power and efficiency can be customized according to the algorithm needs, and it is the product of fixed algorithm optimization design. ASIC chip module can be widely used in intelligent terminals such as artificial intelligence equipment, virtual currency mining equipment, consumable printing equipment and military defense equipment.

On the hardware level, ASIC chip is composed of basic silicon material, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride and other materials. On the physical structure level, ASIC chip module is made up of IP cores such as plug-in storage unit, power manager, audio picture processor and network circuit. The same chip module can carry one or several ASIC chips with the same or different functions to meet one or more specific requirements.

(1) ASIC chips can be divided into fully customized ASIC chips, semi-customized ASIC chips and programmable ASIC chips according to different customization degrees.

Fully customized ASIC chip is one of the chips with the highest degree of customization. R&D personnel design logic units with different functions based on different circuit structures, and build analog circuits, storage units and mechanical structures on the chip board. The logic units are connected by masks, and the mask of ASIC chip is also highly customized.

The design cost of fully customized ASIC chips is high, and the average design time per chip module exceeds 9 weeks. This kind of chip is usually used for advanced applications.

Compared with semi-customized ASIC chips, fully customized ASIC chips perform well in performance and power consumption. For the same function, under the premise of the same process, the average computing power output of fully customized ASIC chip is about 8 times that of semi-customized ASIC chip, and the performance of fully customized ASIC chip with 24 nm process is better than that of semi-customized ASIC chip with 5 nm process.

Most of the logic units that make up the semi-custom ASIC chip are taken from the standard logic unit library, and some of them are customized according to specific requirements. Compared with fully customized ASIC chips, the design cost is lower and the flexibility is higher.

Semi-custom ASIC chips can be subdivided into gate array chips and standard cell chips according to the different matching modes of standard logic cells and custom logic cells.

A, gate array chip

Gate array ASIC chip includes channel gate array, channel-free gate array and structured gate array. In the gate array ASIC chip structure, the predetermined transistor position on the silicon wafer cannot be changed, and designers often adjust the interconnection structure of logic units by changing the metal layer at the bottom of the chip.

Channel gate array ASIC chip: the position of transistors in this chip is highly fixed, and designers can lay out the circuit in the predefined blank space between transistor rows;

Channel-free gate array ASIC chip: under the channel-free structure, there is no circuit layout space between transistor rows, and designers usually wire above the gate array unit;

Structured gate array ASIC chip: This structure includes basic gate array rows and embedded blocks. Embedding blocks can improve the flexibility of circuit layout, but it limits the chip size. Under this structure, the use efficiency of line layout area is higher, the design cost is lower and the turnaround time is shorter.

B, standard unit

This kind of ASIC chip consists of logic cells selected from the standard cell library. Designers can arrange standard cells by themselves according to the algorithm requirements. In addition to standard cells, fixed blocks such as microcontrollers and microprocessors can also be used for standard cell ASIC chip architecture.

Broadly speaking, programmable ASIC chips can be divided into FPGA chips and PLD chips. In the actual production process, the number of research institutions and enterprises that classify FPGA chips as different from ASIC chips is increasing, so this report only regards PLD(Programmable Logic Device) as a subcategory of programmable ASIC chips.

PLD, also known as programmable logic device, structurally includes basic logic cell matrix, flip-flop, latch, etc., and its interconnection part exists as a single module. Designers program PLD to meet the needs of some customized applications.

(2) ASIC chips can be classified into TPU chips, BPU chips and NPU chips according to different terminal functions.

① TPU is a tensor processor, which is specially used for machine learning. For example, Google developed in May 2016.

The programmable AI accelerator of Tensorflow platform, its internal instruction set can run when Tensorflow program changes or updates the algorithm.

② BPU is a brain processor, which is an embedded artificial intelligence processor architecture proposed by Horizon Technology.

③ NPU is a neural network processor, which simulates human neurons and synapses at the circuit level, and directly processes large-scale electronic neurons and synapses data with a deep learning instruction set.

Traditional chips, such as CPU, generate results by reading and executing external program code instructions. Relatively speaking, ASIC chips read original input data signals and directly generate output signals after internal logic circuit operations.

(1) Advantages:

Compared with CPU, GPU, FPGA and other types of chips, ASIC chips have multiple advantages in the application of special systems, which are embodied in the following aspects.

① Area advantage: ASIC chips are designed to avoid redundant logic units, processing units, registers, storage units and other architectures, and are constructed in the form of pure digital logic circuits, which is conducive to reducing the chip area. For small area chips, wafers with the same specifications can be cut into more chips, which is helpful for enterprises to reduce wafer costs.

② Energy consumption advantage: ASIC chips consume less energy per computing power than CPU, GPU and FPGA. For example, GPU consumes about 0.4 watts of power per computing power, while ASIC consumes about 0.2 watts of power per computing power, which can better meet the energy consumption restrictions of new smart home appliances.

③ Integration advantages: Due to the customized design, ASIC chip system, circuit and process are highly integrated, which helps customers to obtain high-performance integrated circuits.

④ Price advantage: Due to the characteristics of small size, high running speed and low power consumption, the price of ASIC chips is much lower than that of CPU, GPU and FPGA chips. At present, the average price of ASIC chips in the global market is about $3, and if it reaches mass production scale in the long run, the price of ASIC chips is expected to continue to decline.

(2) Disadvantages:

① ASIC chips have a high degree of customization, long design and development cycle, and the finished products need physical design and reliability verification, so the time to market is slow.

② ASIC chips are highly dependent on algorithms. The high-speed updating iteration of artificial intelligence algorithm leads to the high frequency of ASIC chip updating.

③ Because ASIC chips are highly customized and the research and development cycle is relatively long, the risk of ASIC products being eliminated by the market is expanded.

① Google launched TPU in 2016. Google’s 2017 version of AlphaGo physical processor is embedded with four TPU’s, which can support Google cloud TPU platform and machine learning supercomputer.

② In August 2014, IBM introduced the second generation TrueNorth chip with a manufacturing process of 28 nm by simulating the brain structure, which can be applied to real-time video processing.

③ Intel introduced Xeon series ASIC chips in 2017. This series of chips can act as processors independently, without additional host processors and auxiliary processors, and can be applied to machine deep learning.

④ The ASIC chip based on the new neuromorphological computing architecture introduced by Stanford University is 9,000 times faster than ordinary computers, and can simulate about 1 million brain neurons and billions of synaptic connections.

⑤ Emerging science and technology enterprises expand the application of ASIC chips to security, assisted driving, traditional household appliances, smart medical care and other fields.

The basis for the continuous growth of sales scale of ASIC chip products in China includes but is not limited to the following factors:

① Edge computing field will become the main revenue field of special deep learning ASIC chips.

② Consumer electronic products such as mobile communication devices, head-mounted display devices (AR, VR, MR), tablet computers, drones, smart home devices, etc. will become the concentrated application fields of ASIC chip products.

③ Deep learning processors based on graphics architecture are popular, and ASIC is more suitable for computing environment with graphics architecture.

④ It is predicted that around 2022, artificial intelligence terminal equipment capable of training and reasoning at the same time will become more popular, and ASIC chips will be imported into such equipment in large quantities.

Reference source: China ASIC chip industry boutique report.

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China’s e-commerce is developing rapidly and permeates all fields of social life.

　　CCTV News:At 14: 00 on December 28th, the 2nd China E-commerce Lecturer Competition (2017) was held in Beijing Kunlun Hotel, co-sponsored by China International E-commerce Center of the Ministry of Commerce, China Association for Continuing Engineering Education, E-commerce Teaching Steering Committee of Colleges and Universities of the Ministry of Education and National Foreign Trade Vocational Education Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education.

　　In recent years, China’s e-commerce has developed rapidly, and has widely penetrated into all fields of social life, becoming an important way to promote economic transformation and upgrading, promote social and economic development, and promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation. However, at present, the contradiction between supply and demand of e-commerce talents is prominent, which has become the main bottleneck restricting the development of e-commerce in China.

　　The key to developing e-commerce is talents, and the key to cultivating talents is teachers. According to the State Council’s Guiding Opinions on Actively Promoting "internet plus Action" and the State Council’s Opinions on Vigorously Developing E-commerce and Accelerating the Cultivation of New Economic Motives, the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Talent Development Plan (2010-2020), the Ministry of Commerce’s Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Training of E-commerce Talents and the Thirteenth Five-Year Development Plan of E-commerce, In order to find and cultivate e-commerce lecturer talents, improve the overall level of national e-commerce training, build an influential e-commerce training service system and promote the development of local e-commerce, China International E-commerce Center of the Ministry of Commerce, in conjunction with local governments, cooperative institutions and authoritative media, successfully held the first China E-commerce Lecturer Competition in 2016, and continued to launch the second China E-commerce Lecturer Competition "Zhongrong Cross-Hong Kong Cup" in 2017, which is open to universities, vocational colleges, industry organizations and the whole country.

　　This China E-commerce Lecturer Competition is conducted in six stages: player registration, primary selection, training, preliminary competition, semi-final competition and final competition. The contest is divided into East China, South China, Northeast China, Northwest China and Southwest China. East China is located in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, South China is located in Jieyang, Guangdong Province, Northeast China is located in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, Northwest China is located in Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Southwest China is located in Kunming, Yunnan Province. This contest has received strong support from the Department of Commerce of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province, Liaoning Province, Yunnan Province and Suzhou Industrial Park Management Committee. The contest was launched in October, and nearly 700 contestants signed up for the competition. After fierce competition in the preliminary round of the division and the national semi-final, the top 10 contestants successfully advanced to the national finals. After three rounds of competition, including "self-selected proposition", "prescribed proposition" and "ultimate PK", the top 10 players finally decided on the national championship of the second China E-commerce Lecturer Competition.

　　Yao Guanghai, secretary of the Party Committee of China International Electronic Commerce Center, pointed out that the success of this competition will surely arouse the attention of all sectors of society on the construction of e-commerce talent training system, and further promote the healthy and rapid development of e-commerce nationwide.

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China’s e-commerce is developing rapidly and permeates all fields of social life.

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