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Shougang ski jumping platform has been officially built, and basically has the conditions to hold competitions.
Beijing Youth Daily News (Reporter Li Zewei) As the first newly-built competition venue in Beijing’s 2022 Winter Olympics, Shougang Ski Platform was officially completed on October 31, and basically has the conditions to host the competition. During the Winter Olympics, four gold medals will be produced here, and after the Winter Olympics, it will become the first ski platform venue in the world to be permanently reserved and used.
Huang Hui, director of the Urban Venue Construction Department of the Municipal Major Projects Office, introduced that Shougang Ski Jumping Platform is the first newly-built venue completed in the Beijing Division of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, and it is also the only snow competition venue. It will host the ski jumping events of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and the Winter Paralympics, and four gold medals will be produced here during the Beijing Winter Olympics. After the Winter Olympics, it will become the world’s first permanently reserved and used ski platform venue, a professional sports competition and training venue, and open to the public for mass leisure and fitness activities.
Shougang ski jumping platform consists of three parts: the track, the referee tower and the stand area. The track is 164 meters long, 34 meters wide and 60 meters high. The form of the competition is that the single board player slides down from a height, takes off from a big platform, and performs high-altitude somersaults, gyrations and other technical actions.
According to reports, the design of Shougang ski jumping platform incorporates the element of "flying" in Dunhuang murals. The meaning of "flying in the sky" and the English word "Big Air" in the ski platform project both have the meaning of leaping and flying into the air, and the curve of the flying ribbon is very consistent with the curve of the center of Shougang ski platform, and the shape of the building is beautiful and smooth. Shougang ski jumping platform started in December 2018 and was completed on October 31, 2019, with a construction period of less than one year.
The original cooling pump station in Shougang’s old factory area will be transformed into a ticket inspection and security hall and an event management office area during the Winter Olympics, and will be transformed into a multi-functional comprehensive building after the games to provide supporting services for the future Shougang ski jumping sports park; The old main oxygen plant was transformed into a comprehensive building during the Winter Olympics. The most striking thing is that four towering cooling towers will be transformed into supporting spaces such as auditoriums or multi-function halls.
According to the relevant person in charge of Beijing Shouao Real Estate Co., Ltd., the ski jumping platform is the most popular sport among young urban groups in the Winter Olympics and the World Skiing Championships. The venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics was selected in the central city of Beijing and settled in Shougang Park, hoping to perfectly combine this unique event with urban culture and further promote urban renewal and development through the Olympics.
The ski platform of Shougang has been fully considered after the competition at the beginning of design and construction. After the Winter Olympics, the ski platform can realize rapid transformation. After the Winter Olympics, the venue can host sports competitions of big platform events at home and abroad, and become a training venue for professional athletes and sports teams, a training base for young reserve talents, and a training base for event managers, which will directly serve the promotion of ice and snow sports in China. At the same time, it will become a sports theme park serving the public as a landmark landscape tourist attraction and leisure and fitness activity venue for the Winter Olympics.
At the same time, the water outlet was reserved during the construction of the track, and the big platform can not only ski, but also be transformed into more projects such as water skiing and grass skiing according to demand in the future. The sports square and audience area under the ski jumping platform are specially equipped with "atmosphere lighting" system, which will bring viewers a completely different experience from traditional events in the future, and can also hold large-scale activities such as concerts.
In order to carry out the action of "three struggles and three leads" in depth, strive to write Fuzhou chapters such as technology and finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance and digital finance, strengthen financial support for urban-rural integration development, and continue to create a first-class financial business environment. On January 8, Fuzhou Financial Support for Urban-rural Integration Development was successfully held. Vice Mayor Lin Zhiliang of Fuzhou Municipal People’s Government and Deputy Director Lin Jiandong of Fujian Rural Credit Cooperatives Union attended the event, with leaders from more than 30 municipal units and enterprises.
Lin Zhiliang, deputy mayor of Fuzhou, stressed in his speech that financial institutions should earnestly shoulder the heavy responsibility of rural revitalization and urban-rural integration development, increase financial support for Fuzhou’s characteristic agricultural industries such as aquatic products, edible fungi and tea, actively help agricultural parks, rural roads, rural water supply, rural tourism and human settlements improvement, and actively provide strong financial guarantee for urban-rural integration development and comprehensive rural revitalization.
Lin Jiandong, deputy director of Fujian Rural Credit Cooperatives Union, said in his speech that Fuzhou rural credit cooperative system should adhere to the political and people-oriented nature of financial work, focus on supporting urban and rural employment and entrepreneurial innovation, helping rural infrastructure upgrade, activating the value of rural resource elements and other key tasks around the "five major articles" put forward by the Central Financial Work Conference, continue to deepen cooperation, expand the "big ecology" of serving the people, and support the integrated development of urban and rural areas with more abundant products and better services.
The signing ceremony of Fuzhou Office of Fujian Rural Credit Cooperatives and Fuzhou Financial Bureau (Photo courtesy of Fuzhou Rural Credit Cooperatives)
At the meeting, Fuzhou Office of Fujian Rural Credit Cooperatives and Fuzhou Financial Bureau formally signed a strategic cooperation agreement on financial support for urban-rural integration development. According to the agreement, Fuzhou Rural Credit Cooperative will provide a comprehensive credit of 300 billion yuan within two years to support financing in urban and rural education, medical care, old-age care, housing and other fields, and the implementation of the project of "demonstrating and leading thousands of villages, making all villages rich and beautiful", helping the rural areas to revitalize in an all-round way and promoting the construction of a blessed state and a happy city.
At the matchmaking meeting, Fuzhou Rural Credit Cooperative System also released "one platform, one product" to support the development of urban-rural integration. "One platform" is "Rongxin e-link", which integrates the functions of "policy release, customer docking, execution tracking and information sharing" and is the first outreach service platform for docking cooperation units of rural credit cooperatives in the province.
During the activity, eight travel agencies in Fuzhou area carried out financing docking with representatives of participating enterprises, conducted in-depth exchanges and discussions, and signed credit contracts.
The relevant person in charge of Fuzhou Rural Credit Cooperative said that in the next stage, with the full support and full cooperation of all cooperative units, it will show greater achievements in helping to achieve a higher level of urban-rural integration and development, and achieve more qualitative and effective financial work results, so that the people can gain more sense, happiness and security. (Chen Yanshui)
CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a yellow typhoon warning at 18: 00 on September 4th. The center of the 11th typhoon "HAIKUI" (a strong tropical storm) this year was located at 5: 00 p.m. today (4th) in the southern Taiwan Province Strait, about 200 kilometers east of the Fujian-Guangdong border, which is 23.3 degrees north latitude and 119.1 degrees east longitude. The maximum wind force near the center is 11 (30m/s). The radius of the tenth wind circle is 20-30 kilometers.
It is estimated that "Anemone" will move to the north-north direction at a speed of 10-15 kilometers per hour, and gradually approach the coastal area along the border between Fujian and Guangdong, and will land in the coastal area from Zhangpu, Fujian to Huilai, Guangdong in the early morning of the 5th (tropical storm level to strong tropical storm level, 23-28 m/s, 9-10), and then move to the west direction after landing, and its intensity will gradually weaken.
Gale forecast:From 20: 00 on September 4 to 20: 00 on September 5, there will be 6-8 winds and 9-10 gusts in the Taiwan Province Strait, the southwest of the East China Sea, the northeast of the South China Sea, and the coastal areas of Fujian, the central and eastern Guangdong, and the western and northern coasts of Taiwan Province Island. The winds in some sea areas or regions will be 9-11 and the gusts will be 12-13.
Precipitation forecast:From 20: 00 on September 4 to 20: 00 on September 5, there were heavy rains in most parts of Fujian, eastern Guangdong, southeastern Jiangxi, southeastern Zhejiang and western Taiwan Province Island. Among them, there were heavy rains in parts of eastern Fujian and southeastern Guangdong, and local heavy rains (250-300 mm). Some of the above areas are accompanied by short-term heavy rainfall (the maximum hourly rainfall is 30-50 mm, and the local area can exceed 70 mm), and there are strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.
Defense guide:
1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue.
2. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.
3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.
4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind.
5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.
Chao News Client Reporter Quan Linmin
As soon as summer arrives, the economy will always pop out at night to brush a sense of existence several times.
But in the office, chung Jin Jun heard colleagues from other provinces question more than once:
"Zhejiang people don’t you have nightlife? How come at ten o’clock, the street is deserted and there are few cars? "
Whenever this time, Yong Jinjun always refutes a few words for his hometown. But unfortunately, Yong Jinjun will always be "what are the interesting and delicious places?" The question was stumped and then lost in thought.
Is there really no nightlife in Zhejiang?
There is no nightlife in Zhejiang?
It is certain that Zhejiang people have nightlife, whether it is observation at the point or intuitive presentation of data.
On the first day of the ambush, Yong Jin Jun went to the Wulin night market in Hangzhou. The temperature at night is still very high, but there are no fewer people visiting the night market.
At about 8: 30, Yong Jin Jun was packed with sweat in the endless crowd. Everyone either took photos with their mobile phones or crowded in front of various booths to buy things. Popular stalls are even more crowded. For example, the squid stall that Nicholas Tse punched in is a conformity.
"After the summer, there are more people every day, and the daily sales have tripled or quadrupled compared with before." Mr. Cao, the stall owner who specializes in hand-painted masks, said.
The popularity is high. I’m afraid it’s not because there are many foreign tourists, right? But Ye Lianzhong, secretary of the Party branch of Wulin Night Market, told Yong Jin Jun that according to their estimation, 45% of the visitors to Wulin Night Market are tourists, and the rest are local residents.
What? Do you think 8: 30 is too early to be called nightlife?
Yong Jin Jun also went to the ancient town of Ke Qiao, Shaoxing, and it was already more than 9 pm when he arrived at the scenic spot. Arguably, this point was the time when everyone was ready to go home one after another. However, when Yong Jin Jun stopped, he found that the number of cars looking for vacant seats in the parking lot was comparable to the number of cars driving out, which shows that there are still many people visiting the ancient town at this point.
When I came to the core of the ancient town, around Rongguang Bridge, it was already 9: 30, and the popularity was still very strong. On the Rongguang Bridge, the river along the ancient town is either full of people or full of people.
A local told Yong Jin Jun that this is also the normal state of the ancient town, and many surrounding residents will go to the ancient town for a walk after dinner and have nothing to do.
In recent days, third-party organizations have released research reports on China’s urban night economy. According to the report, the nightlife in Zhejiang is also very active.
For example, in the Report on Night Economic Development of China Cities in 2023, Hangzhou is the first echelon (10) of the TOP100 cities with night economic prosperity, and Jiaxing, Jinhua, Ningbo and Wenzhou are the second echelon (20), and nearly half of Zhejiang cities are shortlisted.
In a word, the nightlife in Zhejiang is definitely not as cold as the outside world thinks.
I just can’t find a place.
Since the development is not bad, why do people always say that Zhejiang people have no nightlife?
"The development speed of Zhejiang’s night economy does not match its economic strength and residents’ consumption level." Zhao Haoxing, a professor at the School of Economics of Zhejiang Gongshang University and vice president of Zheshang Research Institute, said.
From the perspective of economic aggregate, Zhejiang’s GDP has always been among the best in the country, and its per capita disposable income ranks first in all provinces and regions in the country. However, in the night economic rankings, Zhejiang’s achievements can only be considered as above average, not top. A top student who has a flawed score in one subject will give the outside world a sense of gap.
In addition, Yang Yingjun, director of the Consumption Promotion Department of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce, believes that there are not many iconic night economic scenes in Zhejiang, and there are even fewer places with national influence, which makes it impossible for foreign tourists to go to Zhejiang at night, thus becoming famous throughout the country.
There is a city that never sleeps in Datang in Xi ‘an, Shaanxi, Hongya Cave in Chongqing, and Wenhe Friends in Changsha, Hunan. But what’s in Zhejiang? You can only name the Wulin night market and the West Lake in Hangzhou at most.
But the duration of Wulin night market is limited. The stall owner puts out the stall at 5 o’clock and closes it at 11 o’clock. The market area is only about 1000 square meters, which is still the result of expansion and it is difficult to form a scale.
The West Lake is almost the same problem, and the scale of the night economic agglomeration area is not large. Unlike Wenheyou or Datang City that Never Sleeps, it has formed a relatively complete and rich night consumption scene.
Only when there is demand can there be supply. Isn’t it because there is less demand in Zhejiang? Actually, it is not.
Zhao Haoxing told Yong Jin Jun a very interesting phenomenon-there are more night economic scenes in Wenzhou than in Hangzhou. Many Wenzhou people go to Hangzhou because of the lack of night consumption atmosphere, so they go to bed earlier, and go back to Wenzhou later. It shows that their spending habits at night have always been there, but they just can’t find many places to spend at night.
In Zhao Haoxing’s view, the creation of the scene needs to go through a critical period. If at first the scene builder thinks that there are not many people in the street at night, and few people come out to play, they are more cautious or don’t invest in creating scenes, and there are fewer scenes, and fewer people are willing to come out at night. So everyone went to bed earlier and earlier, and there were fewer and fewer scenes. Zhejiang needs to break this cycle.
People sitting by the river for dinner in the ancient town of Ke Qiao.
How does the city that never sleeps come?
In recent years, the importance of night economy in stimulating consumption is becoming more and more prominent. Statistics show that 60% of consumption in China occurs at night, and the sales of large shopping malls from 18: 00 to 22: 00 every day account for more than half of the whole day.
According to the small and micro observation report released by the online merchant bank, the night economy with fast growth, high proportion, rich formats and contrarian market scale is becoming the force point of small and micro businesses in many cities-the national proportion is 68%.
Zhejiang has long been eyeing the important value of the night economy. In March 2020, Zhejiang took the lead in issuing the provincial government’s implementation opinions to boost consumption in the country, and made it clear that it was necessary to vigorously cultivate and develop the night economy.
This summer, Zhejiang’s summer consumption promotion put the main card on the "night economy". On the evening of July 7, the province’s night economic tour season was launched in Keqiao District, and cities were organized to carry out "night consumption promotion" activities from different levels.
Judging from the activity scene in Ke Qiao, the first stop of the tour season, Zhejiang is trying to enrich the night consumption scene and make up for the shortcomings of the night economy.
It is reported that in addition to all kinds of food and commodity markets that are very common in promoting consumption activities, the event site of the day also set up three major festivals: milk coffee festival, barbecue festival and music festival.
"In the past, the activities to promote consumption may have been to set up a few booths and urge people to come to buy buy to buy them, but this time we have merged into more formats, such as inviting bands to sing. This activity will also be fixed for a long time during the summer vacation, which will have a long-term support for local night consumption. " Yang Yingjun said.
Zhejiang is also making every effort to cultivate and build a night economic landmark with national influence. In 2020, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce started the pilot work of provincial night economy cities, and at present, 19 model cities and 6 characteristic cities have been identified in the province.
Taking Gongshu District of Hangzhou as an example, through the construction of night economy, the economic benefits of all night punching places and related enterprises in this area have been continuously improved. The night-time pedestrian flow ratio in the Wulin business circle increased by about 24% on average, and the night-time revenue of each complex increased from 45% in 2019 to about 55% in 2022.
In the first half of this year, the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce jointly issued the "Three-year Action Plan for Creating High-quality Consumption Agglomeration Areas" with five provincial departments. It is planned to build 30 provincial-level night economy model (characteristic) cities, 30 provincial-level high-quality pedestrian streets and 50 provincial-level characteristic commercial streets (districts) through three-year efforts.
The fireworks in the world touch the hearts of ordinary people the most. I hope that in the near future, Yong Jin Jun can also introduce the good places in the evening and see the other side of Zhejiang night when chatting with friends from other places.
"Reprint please indicate the source"
On March 20, 2003, Baghdad, which suffered a new round of air strikes, was shrouded in smoke.
Xinhuanet Special: Five years ago today (March 22), the United States launched a war and attacked Iraq by force. What do you think of this war? Has the United States achieved the purpose of launching this war? What are the gains and losses?
It should be said that the war launched by the United States is an unjust war of aggression.
The reason is simple. First of all, the United States bypassed the United Nations and joined a handful of countries to launch this war.
Second, the two reasons why the United States launched the war have been proved to be false by history. In fact, those two so-called reasons are the excuses for the United States to launch a war of aggression and destroy Saddam Hussein.
The first reason is that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction. The second reason is that Saddam Hussein has ties with al-Qaeda terrorist organizations.
As it turns out, neither of these reasons exists. The U.S. Department of Defense recently released an investigation report, acknowledging that Saddam Hussein has no connection with Al Qaeda. Saddam Hussein was wronged, and the United States created an "international unjust case".
The United States has searched every inch of Iraq since it occupied Iraq for five years. As a result, no weapons of mass destruction have been found.
The evil deeds such as the annexation of Kuwait by former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein are disgusting, but the occupation of Iraq by the United States for no reason is even more annoying.
Did the United States achieve its goal of invading Iraq? It should be said that the purpose of the United States has been achieved. The United States has three purposes, the first is to overthrow Saddam Hussein’s regime, the second is to master Iraq’s rich oil resources, and the third is to use Iraq as a base to contain its "sworn enemy" Iran.
Now it seems that all three goals of the United States have been achieved. However, how to evaluate the gains and losses of the United States? Gain is greater than loss, or loss is greater than gain?
What did the United States lose in this war? The United States has four major losses in launching this war. First, the moral loss is irreversible. At the beginning of the war, the United States was condemned by most countries and people all over the world. Today, when the truth of America’s excuse for waging war comes to light, people despise America’s bullying and unreasonable behavior even more. People have a clearer understanding of the face of American hegemonism.
Second, the loss of personnel was heavy. In the five-year war, nearly 4000 officers and men in the United States were killed. If you add the British officers and men who died, the total number will reach 4200. In addition, there are 30 thousand officers and men disabled in the United States.
Third, the economic loss is huge. According to statistics, during the five-year war, the United States spent $3 trillion, which is about a quarter of the annual GDP of the United States. It is estimated that in 2008, the US military expenditure in Iraq was $12 billion per month.
Fourth, the United States never dreamed that Iran was the beneficiary of this war. In post-war Iraq, Shiites took power. Iran, which is also in power by Shiites, has loose and gradually close relations with its old enemy Iraq. In addition, the Iraq war has pushed up the international crude oil price, and the economic strength of Iran, a world oil producer, has soared. It is obviously more difficult for the United States to attack Iran by force in the future.
The Iraq war launched by the United States can be said to have lost more than gained. However, the U.S. government is still beating its face and pretending to be fat, refusing to admit the failure of the Iraq war. It has become a war swamp in the United States, but it is an indisputable fact that when the United States can get out, no one can tell. (Liu Ruichang)
Editor: Li Xiuwei
Live on November 8th In an interview with titan sports, Capello, a famous Italian coach who once coached Jiangsu Suning, talked about his views on China football.
-You have coached star players like teixeira in Suning, and also coached many China players, including some international players. What’s your impression of China players?
I always had the feeling that when I saw those China players, they looked great. But when foreign aid arrived, they seemed to get worse in speed and technology. It stands to reason that with such a huge population base, supplemented by care and determination, China football should produce great stars. You are great at all sports, why not football?
A huge difference between China football and Italian football is that foreign aid can make everything different in the China League; Not in Italy.
Of course, for China football, foreign aid still plays a role: playing with better players will help you become better. Similarly, Serie A teams need to adapt to a faster pace when they play in the Champions League. Once upon a time, Italian football was at the top of the world. The root cause was that the best players played in Serie A at that time. They improved the rhythm of the whole league, so everyone played better.
-I don’t know if you remember that Min Kim Zai once played for the Super League, but it was after you left Jiangsu. Naples, where Min Kim is located, has not only performed well in the league, but also demonstrated its full dominance in the European War.
Italian football is growing. Don’t forget that we won the European Cup last year. Naples is amazing as well as surprising. This club knows how to find good players. Min Kim and Kvaratskheliya, two Serie A players, have the strength to be top stars in any league, because they have both strength and skills, are extremely focused in the game and are gifted! Don’t forget, they are still very young.
(Nanling cries and cries)
On November 4th, the Shenzhen team will face the final match with Beijing Guoan at home. Today, the coach team leader Xiang Jun and player Hu Jiajin attended the pre-match press conference and introduced the team’s preparations.
Talk about preparing for war
I’m glad to be back at home. No matter what the team’s achievements are now, it’s very exciting to finish the last game of this year with the support of the home fans, and the team will go all out to dedicate a wonderful game to the fans.
Tomorrow is the 14th game you coached this season. The results of the first 13 games were 1 draw and 12 losses. Will it be a pity that you didn’t win the next game?
As a coach or any player, every game is prepared with the goal of winning. There may be some other objective reasons for not winning, and the result itself is regrettable, but we all go all out to prepare and hope to achieve the desired goal as much as possible.
During the preparation for this game, did you tell the players how to say goodbye to the fans after the last game of this year, and was there any special ceremony?
For the interaction between players and fans after the game, I think it should be more impromptu or temporary. We can’t do rehearsals outside of football tactics, and our attention is still focused on the game itself.
Hu Jiajin spoke.
Although the team has been relegated, tomorrow is the last Super League game of the season, and there will still be many fans supporting us. We will definitely try our best to win this game and give the fans an explanation.
Everyone knows the word "culture" and can generally understand the basic meaning of the word "culture", but what is culture? What is the definition of culture? There are not many people who can answer it or answer it completely. I don’t blame you, and no one has to blame themselves. Because, although human civilization has lasted for 5,000 years, up to now, due to the lack of real understanding of the extension of culture and the infiltration of different historical views, the concept of "culture" has not been universally accepted by everyone. Let me briefly list it below. Do you agree with that one, or try to give it to "?
First, the definition of "culture" According to statistics, since the history of civilization, there have been countless definitions of "culture". According to the statistics of "An Introduction to Cross-cultural Communication", since 1871, there have been more than 300 definitions of "culture" in the world, too many, and some of them are not in line with our traditional culture and values, so we omit some and choose to list them as follows.
1. The word "culture" comes back. The word "culture" in China first appeared in the Book of Changes: civilization stops, and humanity is also. Look at the humanities and turn it into the world. Here, "Wen" and "Hua" have not yet been linked together, but the meaning is already there. The main meaning of "cultural success" is "civilized education". What connects the words "Wen" and "Hua" is Liu Xiang’s "Shuo Yuan" in the Han Dynasty: where martial arts flourish, they refuse to accept it, their culture does not change, and then they are punished. Liu Xiang’s word "culture" means "Wen Zhi" as opposed to "Wu Zhi". It can be seen vertically that the words "culture" used above mainly refer to the contents of "morality" and "rule by virtue", and are not the concept of "culture" in a complete sense.
2. Marx’s definition of "culture" "Culture" is the sum total of the lifestyle of a country or a nation. It is believed that people’s lifestyle is "culture", and what kind of lifestyle is there, such as China culture and American culture.
3, Xu Jialu in the article "On National Cultural Security" elaborated"Culture" can be summarized into three parts: one is to deal with the relationship between people; The second is to deal with the relationship between man and nature; The third is to deal with the relationship between reality and the future. Furthermore, it is believed that these three articles are the core content of human culture and the most fundamental problem of culture.
Note:Xu Jialu served as Vice Chairman of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), Chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, Director state language commission and Special Adviser of the Maritime Silk Road Association.
4, philosophy and sociology subject understanding:"Culture" is a process, a state and a realm of human development, and the integration of process, state and realm is the true meaning of culture.
5. Most people in the field of science and culture believe that"Culture" is a relatively stable, independent and complete sum of social norms that human beings maintain the survival and development of various social groups.
6. Anthropological groups believe thatEverything between a group that is different from other groups except genetic genes is called "culture". Here, they regard culture as a variable of economic development, which is prone to the problem of cultural autocracy or chauvinism.
7, empiricists believe thatCulture is produced in the common life and work activities of human beings, and it is the core of mutual recognition within the nation.
Second, the characteristics or characteristics of "culture" There are many characteristics of "culture", but there are three main ones.
1. Culture is a derivative of human evolution.Natural existence is not culture, only what is processed or produced by human beings intentionally or unintentionally is culture. The commonness of human beings is not culture but human nature, and the characteristics of individuals are not culture, but personality. What is inherited is not culture, but instinct. Culture is a social product created by human beings and accepted or followed by members of society. What is privately owned by individuals and not understood and accepted by other members of society cannot be called culture. For example, attraction between men and women is not called culture, but marriage in love is culture, because it is natural instinct for men and women to like each other, while marriage in love is acquired.
2. "Culture" has the characteristics of applicability.. Once "culture" is formed, it has adaptive characteristics. Under certain conditions, people must adapt to it, otherwise it will be eliminated or marginalized, that is, "anomie". Of course, if you are strong enough, you can also try to change the "culture". Usually, this is what revolutionaries and reformers do. This leads to the problem of "culture" inclusiveness. Generally speaking, a strong culture is less inclusive, while a weak culture shows a higher tolerance or tolerance. Cultural inclusiveness is positively related to social openness and cultural civilization.
3. "Culture" is hierarchical. It is roughly divided into three layers. The first layer is the surface layer, which is mainly expressed through human’s basic necessities. For example, eating without snapping your mouth, walking with your head held high, etc. are all manifestations of "culture" The second layer is the middle layer, such as art, customs, rules, law, religion, etc. Their common feature is to express their thoughts or will with the help of materials. The third layer is the bottom layer, which is what we usually call the bottom logic. This bottom logic refers to the outlook on life, values, ethics and aesthetics. These "four views" reflect the relationship between people, people and nature, reality and future, which constitute the soul of a nation.
The three layers of "culture" are not insulated and often interact and link, but it is relatively easy to change food, clothing, housing and transportation, and it is relatively difficult to change the underlying culture.
Third, the value or use of "culture" The value of "culture" to life is multi-angle and multi-faceted, and it is impossible to exhaust it. Here, we only choose the role of "culture" in explaining the most valuable life dilemma, and it is useless to talk a little.
1, a culture can "reveal" their own life difficulties, and criticize or vent.. Qu Yuan’s "asking for heaven" belongs to this category. For another example, poor and ugly people, when buying goods or receiving services, often dare not question the quality of goods or services, and are used to finding reasons from themselves. For example, an ugly woman’s hair is broken, and she dare not blame the stylist, but blame herself for being ugly.
2. Give value to the dilemma.For example, Mencius, the sage of Asia, said: Therefore, people are going to be demoted, so they must first suffer from their minds, work hard on their bones and muscles, starve their bodies and skin, and be empty of their bodies, so they can’t be patient. Another example is the saying that difficulties are tempered. Another example is that the young people’s death to save the elderly is negative from the biological point of view, but if it is explained by "culture", it belongs to a positive and worth promoting behavior.
Expounding the above reason, I mainly want to explain that, with or without knowledge, one can understand or learn the above thinking or thinking mode, even if he is "literate", otherwise, no matter how much he recites, he can’t be said to be a "literate person", and using the calligraphy of the phonograph world is called the study of asking questions.
Fourth, what is "literate" According to the above concepts and analysis, although "culture" is the externalization of knowledge, the cultural connotation of externalized knowledge is far from this. Therefore, having knowledge does not mean having culture, so how can it be regarded as "having culture"?
1. Only knowledge can lead to culture.Knowledge is the shell and expression of culture. Without knowledge, it is not only difficult to form a scientific way of thinking, but also difficult to express and communicate effectively. To reiterate, knowledge refers not only to book knowledge, but also to life experiences, experiences and civilized achievements that have been sublimated into culture, such as life knowledge, labor skills and people’s common habits.
2, can use knowledge and use knowledge to build values recognized by the orthodox system, is a culture.Culture is essentially a quality, and a qualified person has the ability to explain the value world and transcend the survival difficulties. In short, a person with culture and quality not only has the ability to create the value world, but also can let himself and others transcend the survival difficulties in the future.
Description: 1,Culture is the main symbol of human evolution from animals. Animals have no culture, only humans have culture. 2. The word "value" has the same meaning as the word "meaning", but the difference is that "value" is a foreign word, while "meaning" is a local word and a traditional term.
According to news reports, a woman named Wagner in Germany was arrested because.The back pain is unbearableShe went to the hospital for many times, and the attending doctor made a variety of diagnosis and treatment plans for her, but all of them had little effect.
Seeing that conventional treatment was ineffective, Ms. Gewana came up with the idea of radical cure of back pain through surgery. However, after many operations in the plastic surgery hospital, Ms. Gewana’s back pain has not eased, but has become more and more serious.
According to a report in the German weekly Der Spiegel,In two years, Ms. Gwana underwent six major operations and treated 26 spinal positions.. However, complicated surgery still can’t completely solve Ms. Wagner’s back pain. Now she is 80 years old and has to rely on a walker to walk.
In fact, cases like Ms. Wagner are not uncommon. According to the data, in 2020, there were 387,000 back operations in Germany, 71% more than 14 years ago, and more and more spinal interventions can be paid separately in each operation. In this regard, many medical experts began to question the rationality of such operations.
By analyzing the data of more than 7,500 people from 2015 to 2021, German doctor Michael Belal and his colleagues concluded that,Less than 5% of the suggestions for back surgery are reasonable. This means that most spinal interventions are unnecessary, and about 95% of cases have experienced "over-medical treatment".
Many people have had shoulder back pain and low back pain. The main reason why back pain is common is that,Back pain is usually caused by muscle strain caused by poor sitting posture or muscle weakness caused by lack of exercise, which leads to "neck, shoulder and back pain". Especially smokers over 40 years old, because nicotine is absorbed into the blood, it will cause vasoconstriction and spasm, reduce blood supply, and affect the blood circulation outside the intervertebral disc. The symptoms of back pain may be more serious.
It can be seen that not all back pain problems require surgical intervention. Pain doctor Michael K thinks:"In the back treatment, filming, puncture and cutting are particularly profitable. As a result, there are too many such operations. "
In fact, in addition to the back pain caused by tumor, smokers suffer from chronic low back pain. If they quit smoking for a period of time, they will find that the pain has improved. Exercise to strengthen the function of the back muscles through swimming and other sports is also helpful to exercise the back muscles and spinal joints and relieve the symptoms of back pain.
In China, overtreatment also exists.Former Vice Minister of Health Huang JiefuI once bluntly said at a meeting: "Many medicines should not be taken, but they are being taken; Many treatments are not needed, but they are still being done; Many operations will only make patients more painful, but they are also being done."
Huang Jiefu appealed that the phenomena of "ineffective medical treatment" and "over-medical treatment" in China need to be reflected. Is every treatment necessary? We need to re-examine the problem.
Excessive medical treatment is a diagnosis and treatment behavior that exceeds the actual needs of diseases, which usually manifests as excessive medication, excessive examination, excessive hospitalization, excessive consumables, abuse of surgery and antibiotics, etc., which will lead to a huge waste of social medical resources.
The most direct disadvantage of overtreatment is thatIncrease the burden on patientsThe emergence of "expensive medical treatment" has caused some people to look down on the disease. According to the data, the waste of medical resources can reach 20%-30% due to the abuse of drugs and inspections by medical institutions.
Secondly,Harm the health of patients, resulting in an increase in iatrogenic diseases.. For example, the data show that the cases of drug-induced liver damage in China are increasing at a rate of 3%-4.5% every year, and there are often cases in which patients with hepatitis B get worse or even worse after blindly using traditional Chinese medicine compound.
Overtreatment may alsoDamage the doctor-patient relationship,Affect social harmony. Random inspections, arbitrary charges and the appearance of "sky-high medical care" have greatly damaged the image of medical institutions and medical personnel.
1. Cervical erosion
The term "cervical erosion" has been abandoned at present, and it has been replaced by"Ectopic columnar epithelium of cervix"Nouns. The so-called "cervical erosion" is essentially the eversion of cervical columnar epithelium, which is exposed to the external cervix. The columnar epithelium is arranged in a single layer, and there is a rich vascular network under it. The columnar epithelium fuses with each other into villi or granules to form a rough appearance.
In the past, because many doctors lacked a correct understanding of "cervical erosion", clinical overtreatment or improper treatment often occurred and was quite serious. This is not only the problem of antibiotic abuse, but also the abuse of loop electrode resection in many hospitals to treat "cervical erosion", which leads to women’s health problems such as cervical adhesion, decreased cervical secretion, cervical endometriosis and cervical incompetence.
Clinically, gynecological examination found that the outside of the cervix was red, striped or granular.Local cleaners do not need treatment at all.; If there is purulent secretion, it can be treated by local vaginal plugging for several days; If the area is extremely large and there is no obvious improvement after local treatment, cervical cytology and HPV-DNA detection should be done, and artificial cervical cancer screening is the correct way if necessary.
2, thyroid nodules
Among thyroid nodules, 80%~90% are nodular goiter, which belongs to thyroid tissue hyperplasia and degenerative diseases, not to tumors, and there is no surgical indication.Only 5%~10% of thyroid cancer may need surgery.
However, due to the low level of ultrasound and cytology diagnosis in some hospitals in China, it is impossible to distinguish the benign and malignant nature of nodules before operation, so that some doctors operate on all patients with thyroid nodules, which not only wastes a lot of medical resources, but also causes different degrees of damage to the appearance and function of patients.
Experts say that more than 80% of thyroid nodules are benign, and under normal circumstances, they have no obvious impact on human health, just need regular observation. Benign nodules generally do not require surgery, and only have symptoms of oppression such as dysphagia and dyspnea, or are found.The rapid enlargement of nodules in a short time and suspicious lymph node metastasis under the condition of unchanged nodule size indicate that the lesions are progressing continuously and should be treated surgically.
3. Heart stent
In 2013, the American Medical Association released a report saying that stents are one of the most frequently abused medical interventions. In this regard,Hu Dayi, Chairman of Cardiovascular Branch of Chinese Medical Association.The professor said: "The problem of heart stent abuse in China is not more optimistic than that in the United States. Few patients abroad need more than three stents. But in China, many patients have been placed with 5 to 10 stents, which is obvious over-medical treatment. "
Professor Hu Dayi said that some patients did not meet the indications of interventional therapy, but were placed with one or more stents. Because they did not take medicine on time after operation, they developed thrombosis, which led to more serious myocardial infarction.
Before considering stent surgery, patients diagnosed with coronary artery obstructive disease should focus on lifestyle changes, such as not smoking, eating a healthy diet and exercising according to regulations. This also means that this group of people should receive a variety of necessary drug treatments, such as aspirin to prevent thrombosis, beta-blockers to slow down heart rate and control blood pressure, and statins to lower cholesterol levels.Paying attention to preventive lifestyle changes and drug treatment are often the best methods for patients with coronary heart disease.
4. Cancer screening
Han Qide, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, once pointed out at the "Medical and Humanities Summit Forum" that heIt is not recommended that healthy people do cancer screening.
He explained that "early cancer" and "lazy cancer" hidden in people’s bodies do not matter even if they are not found and not treated. This has also become his questioning point about the universal cancer early screening technology and early detection and early treatment strategy that are highly praised by the medical community at present. He believes that after cancer is screened out, it may have a negative impact on the screened object: if early intervention is carried out, such as removing early lesions or gene regulation, but a large number of them will eventually develop into severe diseases, it is equal to "getting a knife in vain."
"Early detection and early diagnosis and treatment are beneficial to cancer patients" does not violate logic, and it has become a consensus in the medical field. But cancer screening is different from clinical medical treatment, and not all people and all tumors should be screened. Tumors suitable for screening should have the following characteristics:High incidence, and it is "high incidence in a certain population (high-risk objects)"; Severe prognosis (high mortality); There is a detectable "subclinical stage".
"No disease, excessive inspection, minor illness, serious illness" not only increases the economic burden of patients, damages their health, but also seriously affects the relationship between doctors and patients. It is not only a technical problem, but also a moral problem and a social problem. Only by improving the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, formulating standardized diagnosis and treatment processes, and establishing indicators and management systems for quality control and evaluation of medical services can we achieve "reasonable examination, rational drug use, reasonable treatment and reasonable fees" and let modern medicine benefit the majority of patients. # Questions and answers about chronic diseases #
References:
[1] Mars. Ineffective medical treatment can’t afford injury [N]. Science and Technology Daily, 2016(12).
[2] Liu Bin. Analysis of the safety and countermeasures of clinical rational drug use [J]. International infections diseases (electronic edition) .2020 (01)
[3] Zhang Dayan. On the harm of antibiotic abuse and preventive measures [J]. Psychological Monthly, 2020(08).
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