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Chapter II Copyright Section III Period of Protection of Rights

Article 20 The term of protection of an author’s right of authorship, right of revision and right of protecting the integrity of a work is unlimited.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the duration of protection of the author’s right of signature, right of revision and right to protect the integrity of the work.
The term of protection of copyright refers to the effective period during which the copyright owner enjoys the exclusive right to the work, that is, the period stipulated by law to protect the copyright of the copyright owner. During the period of copyright protection, the author or other citizens, legal persons or other organizations who enjoy copyright according to law enjoy copyright in the work, and others need to obtain permission from the copyright owner according to law and pay corresponding remuneration for using the work. When the term of copyright protection expires, the copyright owner will lose his copyright, and the work will enter the public domain. People can use the work without the permission of the copyright owner and can use the work for free. Thus, the term of protection of copyright means that within a certain period stipulated by law, copyright is protected according to law; Beyond this statutory time limit, copyright will no longer be protected by law. It is one of the ways to restrict the copyright enjoyed by copyright owners.
The right of authorship is the author’s right to show his identity and sign his name on the work, which is the author’s most basic personal right; The right to modify is the right of the author to modify or authorize others to modify his work before or after its publication; The right to protect the integrity of works is the author’s right to protect his works from distortion and tampering, which is an important right in the author’s personal rights. The copyright law stipulates that the protection period of these rights of the author is unlimited, which shows that the author’s right of signature, modification and protection of the integrity of the work will always be protected by law. During the life of the author (citizen) or during the existence of the legal person or other organization, if the author forcibly signs the work, deletes the author’s name as non-author, plagiarizes the work, modifies or abridges the work without the author’s consent, and distorts and falsifies the work contrary to the author’s original intention, destroys the true meaning of the work and damages the author’s reputation, the author may ask the infringer to stop the infringement, eliminate the influence and publicly apologize according to law. After the death of the author’s citizen, the author’s right of signature, modification and protection of the integrity of the work shall be protected by his successor or legatee; After the termination or change of the legal person or other organization as the author, these rights shall be protected by the legal person or other organization that bears its rights and obligations. If the author has no heir, legatee or legal person or other organization that bears his rights and obligations,The state will protect its right of authorship, modification and integrity of works from infringement.
The author’s right to sign, modify and protect the integrity of the work belongs to the personal rights in copyright. Because these personal rights of the author in copyright can only be enjoyed by the author himself in principle (even after the death of a citizen as an author, his personal rights can still be reflected through the existence of his works), and can exist independently of property rights; Because these rights are directly related to the author’s morality, intelligence, reputation and honor, and involve the ownership of the work, and whether the work truly reflects the author’s original intention, the protection of these rights of the author is not only a problem before the author’s death, but also a permanent problem. It can’t be imagined that although Cao Xueqin, the author of the classic Dream of Red Mansions, has already passed away, this work has already entered the public domain in the sense of property, so we can change the original author’s signature or change the specific historical environment involved in the work. If so, we can’t guarantee that works, especially excellent works, will be better disseminated and utilized from generation to generation. In addition, if the author’s right of signature, modification and protection of the integrity of the work are not given permanent legal protection, then, after the expiration of the protection period, if someone changes the author’s signature or the content of the work, although it can be condemned by public opinion, but because this behavior is no longer in the category of copyright infringement,Therefore, it is impossible to effectively stop and sanction such acts as copyright infringement through legal channels.
This provision of the Copyright Law tells us that when the protection period of the author’s property rights and other rights ends, people can freely use their works by copying, distributing, renting, exhibiting, performing, screening, broadcasting, filming, adaptation, translation and assembly, but they have no right to change the author’s signature and the content of the works, otherwise they will be investigated for legal responsibility for copyright infringement, which can effectively guarantee the original dissemination of the works without being infringed.
        
Article 21 The term of protection of a citizen’s right of publication and the rights stipulated in Items (5) to (17) of Paragraph 1 of Article 10 of this Law shall be the author’s life and fifty years after his death, ending on December 31 of the fiftieth year after his death; If it is a cooperative work, it ends on December 31st of the fiftieth year after the death of the last deceased author.
The term of protection for the works of legal persons or other organizations, as well as the works in which the copyright (except the right of authorship) is enjoyed by legal persons or other organizations, and the rights specified in Items (5) to (17) of Paragraph 1 of Article 10 of this Law shall be fifty years, ending on December 31st of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. However, if the works have not been published within fifty years after the completion of the creation, this Law will no longer protect them.
For cinematographic works, works created by methods similar to cinematography and photographic works, the term of protection of the right of publication and the rights specified in Items (5) to (17) of Paragraph 1 of Article 10 of this Law is fifty years, ending on December 31st of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. However, if the works are not published within fifty years after the completion of the creation, this Law will no longer protect them.
[Interpretation] This article provides for the protection period of the author’s right of publication and property rights.
The protection and restriction of copyright are determined by two factors: fully and properly protecting the legitimate rights and interests of copyright owners, encouraging creation, and facilitating the dissemination of works and promoting the development and prosperity of culture and science. On the one hand, copyright should be protected, so that copyright owners, especially authors, can enjoy personal rights and get economic benefits from the dissemination and use of their works. When the author’s personal rights and property rights are protected by law, their creative enthusiasm will be fully encouraged and brought into full play, and more and better works will be created for social use. After the death of a citizen who is an author, the property right in his copyright can be inherited by his successor according to law or transferred by bequest, and the author’s successor or legatee can enjoy the property right of the work just like the author. On the other hand, with the development and progress of society and the cultural needs of the public, works, as a spiritual product, need to be more widely spread and used by the society in a timely manner, and the property rights of authors and other copyright owners cannot last forever. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict the copyright of the copyright owner. If there is no restriction on the protection of copyright and there is no time constraint on the exercise of copyright, then the protection of copyright will conflict with the interests of the public.It will become an obstacle to the development of culture, science and technology, education and other undertakings.
In order to ensure the normal use of works, especially excellent works, and make them widely and timely spread and exchange, it is necessary and appropriate to restrict the exercise of copyright owners’ rights while protecting their rights. On this issue, China’s copyright law stipulates a "fair use" system in which a work can be used under certain conditions without permission and without payment to the copyright owner; And the "legal permission" system that you can use a work under legal conditions without the permission of the copyright owner and only pay the remuneration to the copyright owner after use. In addition, the protection period of copyright is stipulated in order to give necessary restrictions on the exercise of copyright owners’ rights in time. Once the term of protection expires, the copyright enjoyed by the copyright owner will be extinguished, and the work will enter the public domain and become the common wealth of society. Anyone can use the work without the permission of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration to him.
Article 21 of the Copyright Law stipulates the time limit for the protection of copyright owners’ rights of publication, property rights (reproduction, distribution, lease, exhibition, performance, projection, broadcasting, information network dissemination, filming, adaptation, translation and assembly, etc.), and it depends on different copyright subjects (citizens and legal persons, other organizations) and different types of works (general works and films and photographic works) Within the prescribed period of rights protection, the copyright owner can fully exercise his rights in accordance with the law, decide whether the work should be published and in what form, decide how to use the work himself and whether to allow others to use the work, and get corresponding remuneration when others use his work. However, once the term of protection of rights has expired, the copyright law will no longer protect the copyright owner’s right to publish and property, and the work will enter the public domain, and people can use the work without the permission of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration. The significance of this provision lies in promoting the works to be more widely spread in society, enriching the public’s cultural life and promoting the development of science and technology on the premise of giving proper protection to the property rights in copyright and making the copyright owner obtain reasonable economic income.
It is worth mentioning that the right of publication, the right of signature, the right of revision and the right to protect the integrity of works belong to the author’s personal rights. Why should the copyright law limit the protection of the right of publication? This is because, compared with several other personal rights, the right of publication has its special features. First of all, the publication of works will bring economic benefits to the author, which makes the right of publication a personal right directly related to property rights; Secondly, after the author’s death, termination or change, this right can be managed and exercised by his heirs, legatees or units that bear his rights and obligations, and economic benefits can be obtained based on the publication of the work. Therefore, on the issue of the duration of protection of the right of publication, measures similar to property rights should be taken. In addition, in order to meet the spiritual needs of the public and promote the early publication of works, it is also necessary to limit the protection of the right of publication in time.
I. Protection Period of Citizens’ Works
For the protection period of general works created by natural persons, all countries in the world follow the principle of "the author’s lifetime plus several years after his death". Only in different countries, there are different regulations on the protection period of the author’s rights after death. Some countries stipulate 25 years and 30 years; Some countries stipulate 60, 70 or 80 years; More countries, such as Britain, France, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore, Egypt, the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries stipulate 50 years.
The first paragraph of Article 21 of China’s Copyright Law stipulates that the protection period of the publication right and property right of works created by citizens, such as words, dictation, music, drama, folk art, dance and art, is "the author’s life and fifty years after his death", which is the same as the protection period stipulated by most countries in the world.
According to the provisions of the copyright law, the author’s right to publish and property rights are protected by law during the protection period of 50 years before his death and after his death. No one may publish a work against the will of the copyright owner; Unless otherwise specified by law, anyone who uses a work by copying, distributing, renting, exhibiting, performing, playing, filming or adapting, translating or assembling must obtain the permission of the copyright owner and pay remuneration to him. Otherwise, the author or the author’s heirs and legatees have the right to require them to bear corresponding legal responsibilities in accordance with the law.
Why does China’s copyright law stipulate that the protection period of the author’s rights after death is 50 years, not shorter or longer? To determine how long the protection period is appropriate, we should not only consider the development level of copyright protection in China and the social demand for works, but also consider the needs of opening up and international cultural and scientific exchanges, as well as international practices. According to relevant statistics, at present, most countries in the world stipulate that the post-death protection period of the author’s property rights is 50 years. If China’s copyright law makes such a provision, it can be consistent with most countries and achieve equivalence. In addition, the Berne Convention also stipulates: "The protection period given by this Convention shall be within the author’s lifetime and fifty years after his death." According to the principle of minimum protection of international copyright protection, the protection of works of other States parties by States parties cannot be lower than the standard of the convention. On the issue of protection period, it needs to be longer than or equal to the period stipulated in the convention.
The term of protection of the rights of ordinary works created by citizens is generally stipulated in various countries as the author’s lifetime plus several years after his death. However, when the post-death protection period of the author’s rights begins to be calculated, the provisions of various countries are not consistent. To sum up, there are mainly the following methods: counting from the beginning of the year of the author’s death; From the end of the year of the author’s death (December 31st); From the beginning of the second year of the author’s death (L 1); However, in some countries, in order to avoid shortening or extending the protection period due to the error in time calculation, the calculation method is adopted from the time when the specific event occurs (the date of the author’s death).
Regarding the calculation of the protection period after the death of the author, China’s copyright law only stipulates the deadline, that is, "as of December 31 of the fiftieth year after the death of the author", and does not stipulate the starting date. The calculation method of the deadline is "December 31st of the fiftieth year after the death of the author", and the year after the death is the year after the death of the author, counting from this year to December 31st of the fiftieth year. For example, when a composer died in May 1990, the post-death protection period for his rights should be 1991 as the first year after his death and expire on December 31, 2040.
II. Determination of the term of protection of cooperative works
A cooperative work is a work created jointly by two or more people. Under normal circumstances, its copyright is shared by the co-authors. In view of the differences in the age and life span of co-authors, the copyright law stipulates that the term of protection of the publishing right and property right of the creators of such works shall end on December 31, the fiftieth year after the death of the last deceased author. That is to say, for cooperative works, the protection period should be determined based on the last dead author. This practice is also a common practice in the world. Many countries in the world determine the term of protection of cooperative works based on the lifetime of the last deceased co-author, plus several years after his death. However, some countries stipulate that the protection period of the author of a cooperative work after death starts from the death of one of the co-authors (that is, the first deceased author). According to the Berne Convention, the protection period after the death of a co-author shall be counted from the death of the last co-author.
Paragraph 2 of Article 13 of China’s Copyright Law stipulates: "If a cooperative work can be used separately, the authors can enjoy the copyright separately for the parts they created." According to this regulation, when a co-author exercises the copyright of a part of a cooperative work that can be used separately, the general provisions on the term of protection of the cooperative work do not apply, but should be calculated by the method of the author’s lifetime and 50 years after his death.
Three, about the legal person or other organization’s work, copyright (except the right of signature) by the unit to enjoy the protection period of the work.
For the works created by legal persons or other organizations and the copyright (except the right of signature), the copyright law stipulates that the protection period of the publishing right and property right enjoyed by legal persons or other organizations is 50 years, ending on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. At the same time, it also stipulates that if such works are not published within 50 years after their creation, the copyright law will no longer protect them.
As can be seen from the provisions of the Copyright Law, the term of protection for the works of legal persons or other organizations, as well as the works of posts whose copyright (except the right of signature) is enjoyed by legal persons or other organizations, is different from that of works created by citizens. The reason is that legal persons and other organizations are not natural persons, and their duration can be short or long, and there are no rules to follow. Naturally, the general protection period based on the life of natural persons cannot be applied, and the practice of duration plus termination and how many years after change cannot be adopted. It is only reasonable and feasible to determine the protection period of such works by adopting the method of several years after their first publication.
Four, about the protection period of movies and works created by methods similar to making movies.
Because movies and works created by methods similar to filming have the characteristics of being re-created on the basis of other people’s works or original works, the protection period given to such works in many countries is shorter than that of works created by natural persons.
According to the provisions of China’s copyright law, the protection period of publication right and property right of such works is 50 years, ending on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. However, if the works are not published within 50 years after the completion of creation, the copyright law will no longer protect them.
In terms of the calculation method of the protection period of films and works created by methods similar to filming, China is basically the same as other countries that attribute the copyright of such works to producers, that is, it is calculated by several years after the first publication (or public screening). It is just that China’s protection period for such works is among the longer in these countries, which means that China’s protection for copyright owners of films and works created by methods similar to filming is more adequate.
Article 15, paragraph 2, of the Copyright Law stipulates: "Authors of works that can be used independently, such as scripts and music, in film works and works created by methods similar to filming, have the right to exercise their copyright alone." Therefore, for works that can be used independently, such as scripts and music, in film works and works created by methods similar to filming, if the author is a citizen, the term of protection should be calculated by the method of "the author’s lifetime and fifty years after his death". For example, the TV series A Dream of Red Mansions is protected for 50 years after its release, while the theme song "Woningmei" is protected for 50 years after the author’s lifetime and death.
V. Protection Period of Photographic Works
In the process of creation, photographic works depend more on equipment than other types of works. Therefore, according to the particularity of photographic works, the Copyright Law stipulates that the protection period of publishing rights and property rights of photographic works is 50 years, ending on December 31, the fiftieth year after the first publication of the works. At the same time, it is stipulated that if the works are not published within 50 years after the completion of creation, this law will no longer protect them. This provision shows that the time limit for citizens to enjoy the right of publication and property rights for photographic works is shorter than that for ordinary works, which is only 50 years after the publication of the works, rather than "the author’s life and 50 years after his death". This provision is consistent with the international practice. For example, the Berne Convention stipulates that the protection period of photographic works should not be shorter than 25 years after the completion of the works. This is obviously lower than the standard that the protection period of the general works of citizens stipulated in the convention should not be shorter than the author’s lifetime and 50 years after his death. It shows that the convention allows its member countries to protect photographic works for a shorter period than their own for other works.
VI. Determination of the Protection Period of commissioned works
Commissioned works is a work created according to the entrustment contract signed by the client and the trustee. With regard to the ownership of the copyright of a commissioned work, Article 17 of the Copyright Law stipulates that the client and the trustee shall agree through a contract. If the contract is not clearly stipulated or concluded, the copyright belongs to the trustee. As for the subject of copyright, for the client, it may be a legal person or other organization or a citizen; For the trustee, it may also be a citizen, a legal person or other organization. In view of the fact that commissioned works allows both parties to determine the ownership of copyright by contract, and the uncertainty between the client and the trustee on the issues of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, the application of the protection period for such works should be determined according to whether the works belong to the client or the trustee, and whether the client or the trustee is a legal person, other organizations or citizens. If the copyright belongs to the client, and the client is a legal person or other organization, the term of protection for the work of the legal person or other organization shall apply, that is, 50 years after the first publication of the work; If the client is a citizen, the term of protection of the citizen’s work should be used as the calculation method, that is, "the author’s life and fifty years after his death." If the copyright is enjoyed by the trustee, the relevant rights protection period should also be applied according to the different situations of whether the copyright subject is a legal person or other organization or a citizen.Section 4 Limitation of Rights There are two articles in this section. It is a restrictive provision for copyright owners to exercise copyright.
Because the material that the author needs for creation comes from people’s social life, the author can’t create without the culture created by predecessors and the knowledge and experience of others. Therefore, while enjoying the copyright, the author should do his duty to the society and the public. Not only that, because the copyright enjoyed by the copyright owner is used in many ways and involves a wide range, if others use the work with the consent of the copyright owner and pay remuneration, then it is not conducive to the development of science and culture. Therefore, the protection of copyright enjoyed by copyright owners should not be absolute and unlimited. The restrictions on copyright generally include: (1) Fair use. That is, under certain circumstances, you can use a work without the consent of the copyright owner and pay him no remuneration. (2) legal permission. That is, the use of a work under the conditions prescribed by law can be done without the consent of the copyright owner, but the copyright owner must be paid.
The copyright laws of most foreign countries clearly stipulate the restrictions on copyright. International conventions also stipulate and allow States parties to restrict the exercise of copyright by copyright owners in their domestic laws in some cases. As stipulated in Article 9 of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the authors of literary and artistic works protected by this Convention have the exclusive right to authorize the reproduction of these works in any way and in any form. The laws of the member countries of the Union may allow the reproduction of the above-mentioned works under certain special circumstances, as long as such reproduction does not damage the normal use of the works and does not infringe on the legitimate interests of the authors without reason. Article 13 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights stipulates that all members should limit the restrictions or exceptions of exclusive rights to a certain special case, which should not conflict with the normal exploitation of works and should not unreasonably harm the legitimate interests of right holders.
According to the provisions of international conventions, especially to meet the needs of China’s entry into WTO, the amendments to the Copyright Law have made necessary amendments to the content provisions of the Copyright Law enacted in 1990, and made provisions conducive to the dissemination of works and the development and prosperity of economy, science and culture on the premise of fully protecting the rights and interests of copyright owners.
        
Article 22 A work may be used without permission or remuneration from the copyright owner under the following circumstances, but the name of the author and the name of the work shall be indicated, and other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner according to this Law shall not be infringed:
(1) Using published works of others for personal study, research or appreciation;
(2) appropriately quoting published works of others in a work for the purpose of introducing and commenting on a work or explaining a problem;
(3) Inevitably reproducing or quoting published works in newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media in order to report current news;
(4) Newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media publish or broadcast current articles on political, economic and religious issues that have been published by other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media, unless the author declares that publication and broadcasting are not allowed;
(5) Newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media publish or broadcast speeches delivered at public meetings, unless the author declares that publication and broadcasting are not allowed;
(6) Translating or reproducing a few published works for classroom teaching or scientific research in schools for the use of teaching or scientific researchers, but not publishing them;
(7) State organs use published works within a reasonable scope for performing official duties;
(eight) libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums, art galleries, etc., in order to display or save the version, copy the works collected by the library;
(9) Performing a published work for free, without charging fees to the public or paying remuneration to the performer;
(10) Copying, painting, photographing and video recording works of art set up or displayed in outdoor public places;
(eleven) the China citizens, legal persons or other organizations have published works written in Chinese into minority languages and published in China;
(twelve) the published works are published in Braille.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to restrictions on the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.
[Interpretation] This article is about the fair use of copyright.
The original copyright law also made restrictions on the exercise of copyright by copyright owners in Article 22, and this revision has made some changes on the basis of the original provisions. The restriction of rights stipulated in this article refers to the use of a work under certain circumstances, which can be used reasonably without the consent of the copyright owner and without payment to him.
The copyright laws of all countries have provisions on fair use. For example, in Article 107 of the Copyright Law of the United States, it is stipulated that the factors to be considered in determining whether the use of a work is reasonable under any specific circumstances should include: (1) it depends on the purpose of the use, that is, whether it is used for commercial purposes; (2) Depending on the nature of copyrighted works, different types of works have different forms of copyright utilization, and the boundaries of rationality are also different. For example, just copying a copyrighted article may be regarded as fair use, and rebuilding a building according to other people’s original buildings cannot be regarded as fair use; (3) It depends on whether the proportion of the used part to the whole work is appropriate, and improper proportion cannot be regarded as reasonable; (4) It depends on whether the relevant use behavior has a significant adverse impact on the potential market value of the work. If there is such an impact, it cannot be considered reasonable. Another example is Article 65 of the Copyright Law in Taiwan Province, China. The criteria are: first, the purpose and nature of the use, including whether it is for commercial purposes or non-profit educational purposes; The second is the nature of crops; Third, the proportion of the utilized part in all the crops; The fourth is the influence of the results on the potential market and present value of the works.
According to the provisions of this article, the use of other people’s works is fair use under the following circumstances:
1. Using published works of others for personal study, research or appreciation.
In daily life, there are many situations in which individuals use other people’s published works, for example, translating other people’s works to improve their foreign language level. Copying other people’s calligraphy and painting in order to cultivate their own skills. Singing and playing other people’s music works for self-entertainment. Transcribe audio and video tapes to enrich their cultural life. Because it is very common for individuals to use other people’s works, and the scope of using other people’s works is quite extensive, it is impossible and unreasonable to require everyone to obtain the consent of the copyright owner and pay remuneration every time they use other people’s works. Because, first, personal use has to be paid, which is difficult to implement; Second, personal use requires the permission of the copyright owner, so it will be difficult for the work to be used and disseminated, and the creative activity itself will lose its meaning. Therefore, the copyright laws of many countries include individual use of published works of others in the scope of fair use under certain circumstances. For example, Article 68 of the Italian Copyright Law stipulates that readers can copy a single work or part of it for personal use by hand-copying or other means that are not suitable for circulation or public dissemination. Article 493 of the Russian Civil Code stipulates that the published works of others can be copied or used in other ways to meet personal needs without the author’s consent and without paying the author. Article 30 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that for the works that are the subject of copyright,In order to be used by individuals or families and in a limited range of the same kind, users can copy it. Article 29 (3) of "Copyright Law" in Taiwan Province, China stipulates that copying other people’s works for academic research, exclusively for their own users, shall not be regarded as infringement of copyright if the source of the original works is indicated. For personal use, you can freely use other people’s works without the consent of the copyright owner. Do not pay remuneration, and do not indicate the name of the author, the name of the work or the source.
China’s copyright law is no exception. It is stipulated in this article that individuals can study, study or enjoy the use of published works of others without the consent of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration to him. To meet this requirement, two conditions must be met: first, the purpose of using a work is for personal study, research or appreciation, and it cannot be used for publication or commercial performance, making and distributing audio and video tapes, playing them on radio and television stations, exhibiting, filming movies, television and so on. Second, the work used is published by the copyright owner. If the work has not been made public, even if it is used for personal study or appreciation without the consent of the copyright owner, it cannot be considered as fair use.
Two, in order to introduce and comment on a work or explain a problem, in the work of appropriate reference to other people’s published works.
Quoting others’ works in one’s own works refers to taking others’ works as the basis of one’s own works in order to create new works and explain new ideas. Quoting the original works is very common in written works. For example, in order to comment on other people’s works, a passage from the original book is quoted, and in other creative forms, other people’s works are also quoted. For example, in order to introduce someone’s calligraphy and painting, several of his calligraphy and painting works are shown on TV. Because it is necessary for the creation of some works to quote others’ works, it is difficult to explain some problems in new works or even to produce new works without quoting them. Therefore, many countries and international conventions have provisions on this fair use. For example, the first paragraph of Article 10 of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works stipulates that it is legal to extract quotations from a work that is legally made public, including articles that are quoted from newspapers and periodicals in the form of newspaper abstracts, as long as they are in line with reasonable use and within the scope of legitimate needs to achieve their goals. The third provision stipulates that the citation and use mentioned in the preceding paragraphs should indicate the source, and if the original source has the author’s name, it should also indicate it. Article 51 (citation) of the German Copyright Law stipulates that copying, dissemination and public reproduction are allowed within the scope specified by the purpose: (1) using published independent works in independent scientific works for the purpose of explaining the content; (2) quoting published fragments of crops in independent language works;(3) Quoting fragments of published musical works in independent musical works. Article 70 of the Italian Copyright Law stipulates that for the purpose of comment, discussion or education, you may extract, quote or copy some fragments or chapters of a work within the limits of the above-mentioned purposes, but it shall not compete with the economic right to use the work. The first paragraph of Article 32 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that published works can be cited, but the citation must conform to fair practice, and the purpose of citing in reports, comments and research must also be limited to the proper scope. This quotation must clearly indicate the source of the work. Article 17 (1) of the Hungarian Law on Authors’ Rights stipulates that individuals are allowed to quote some parts of a published work under the condition of indicating the source of the work and the author’s name, as long as the degree of citation is commensurate with the characteristics and purpose of the work in which the citation is used and the citation is faithful to the original. Article 29 (2) of the Copyright Law in Taiwan Province, China, stipulates that those who quote other people’s works in the form of excerpts for reference and annotation of their own works shall not be regarded as infringing on other people’s copyright, provided that the place where the original work was made is indicated. These regulations can be used as a reference for people to study the appropriate amount of quotations from other people’s works.
According to China’s copyright law, if you quote other people’s works under the following conditions, you can not get permission from the copyright owner and pay him no remuneration. First, the purpose of quoting is to introduce, comment on a work or explain a problem. Second, the proportion of references must be appropriate. Generally speaking, quotations should not be longer than comments, introductions or explanations. Third, the cited works must be published. Fourth, when quoting other people’s works, the author’s name and the name of the work should be indicated, and other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner according to the copyright law should not be infringed.
Three, in order to report current news, in newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media inevitably reproduce or quote published works.
Current affairs news is an important way for people to understand national and world affairs. In order to comprehensively report current affairs news at home and abroad, our newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media inevitably use other people’s published works. For example, news programs in china national radio broadcast political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological news published in newspapers such as People’s Daily, Guangming Daily, Workers’ Daily and People’s Liberation Army Daily almost every day. In order to report the success of China’s bid to host the Olympic Games, the CCTV news broadcast program quoted several scenic spots in the propaganda film of Zhang Yimou’s bid to host the Olympic Games. But how to quote other people’s works can be called fair use? The copyright law stipulates four conditions in this article: first, the purpose of quoting works is to report current affairs news; Second, the cited works must be published; Third, citing other people’s works should indicate the author’s name, the name of the work and the source of the work, and must not infringe upon other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with the copyright law; Fourth, quoting other people’s published works is inevitable for reporting current news. The fourth condition is newly added in this revision of the Copyright Law. This revision is mainly to be consistent with the provisions of international conventions. The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works stipulates that "it shall be reproduced and made public to the extent necessary for reporting purposes".
The rational use of this situation is also an internationally accepted legislative example. For example, the second paragraph of Article 10 bis of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works stipulates that when reporting current affairs and news by means of photography or film, or by broadcasting or cable communication to the public, the conditions for the literary and artistic works seen or heard in the course of the event to be copied and made public within the scope properly needed for the purpose of reporting shall be stipulated by the laws of the member States of the Union. Article 41 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that when reporting current events through photography, film, broadcasting or other methods, the works that constitute the event or those seen and heard in the course of the event can be copied for the purpose of reporting and can be used in reporting the event, but the source should be indicated. Article 19 (1) of the Hungarian Law on Authors’ Rights stipulates that it is allowed to copy communication reports containing facts and news as long as the source is indicated. It is allowed to use the contents of public meetings and public speeches, but the publication of the compilation of speeches should be approved by the author. Article (2) stipulates that newspapers, periodicals, radio and television are allowed to copy economic and political articles with news value under the condition of indicating the author’s source and name, as long as these articles are published first to exclude such copying. Article 20 (1) stipulates that works related to current affairs may be disseminated in news documentaries and in radio and television news programs.The degree of communication should be commensurate with the occasion of communication. In this case, it is unnecessary to point out the author’s name.
Four, newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media published or broadcast other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media have published articles on political, economic and religious issues, but the author declared that it is not allowed to publish or broadcast.
Generally speaking, current articles are created to publicize and implement the principles and policies of the party and the state at a certain period or a major event. This kind of article is timely, policy-oriented and purposeful. These articles usually need a variety of different publicity channels to make them spread more widely and deeply. Therefore, the Copyright Law includes newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media to publish or broadcast current articles published by other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media into the scope of fair use, and it can be done without permission and without payment to the copyright owner.
In order to prevent the abuse of this provision, the Copyright Law of 1990 restricted this fair use to newspapers, periodicals, radio stations and television stations, or to broadcast editorials and commentator articles published by other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations and television stations. The amendment of copyright law will change "editorial and commentator’s articles" into "current articles on political, economic and religious issues". This amendment has improved and clarified the scope of fair use, and is also consistent with the provisions of international treaties. The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works only limits the scope of this fair use to "current articles involving political, economic and religious issues". This revision of the Copyright Law also added the contents of current articles that the author declared not to be published or broadcast according to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. The first item of Article 10 bis of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works specifically stipulates that this item should be used reasonably: "The laws of the member countries of the Union may permit the reproduction of current articles on economic, political or religious issues published in newspapers and periodicals, or broadcast works of the same nature, provided that such reproduction, broadcast or cable communication is not explicitly reserved. However, the source should be clearly stated;The legal liability for violating this obligation is determined by the law of the country where protection is requested. "Most foreign countries’ copyright laws also stipulate in this way. For example, Article 65 of the Italian copyright law stipulates that articles about economic, political or religious current affairs published in newspapers and periodicals can be reproduced freely by other newspapers and radio stations, unless the right to reprint is explicitly reserved, but the publication date and serial number of the original newspaper should be indicated; If the article is signed, the author’s name should also be indicated. Article 49 (1) of the German Copyright Law stipulates that a single broadcast commentary and newspaper article, and a single article published in other newsprint that only reports current affairs, are allowed to copy and disseminate or publicly reproduce such comments and articles in other similar newspapers and newsprint if they involve political, economic and religious current affairs without a statement of reserved rights.
5. Newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media publish or broadcast speeches delivered at public meetings, unless the author declares that publication and broadcasting are not allowed.
Public assembly refers to an assembly held in public places (such as squares and stadiums) for a certain purpose. The speech delivered at a public meeting has the nature of public propaganda, and publishing or broadcasting these speeches is to expand its influence and propaganda scope. Therefore, the Copyright Law stipulates in this article that newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media can publish or broadcast the speech delivered at a public meeting without the permission of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration to him. But sometimes, for historical, political or other reasons, the author is unwilling to publish or broadcast his speech in newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media, so newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, television stations and other media should respect the author’s wishes and must not publish or broadcast. This provision is in line with the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. Article 2 bis of the Convention stipulates: "Under what conditions a publicly published lecture, speech or other works of the same nature can be published in newspapers, broadcast or disseminated to the public if necessary for the purpose of new reporting, and publicly disseminated in the form of Article 11 bis, paragraph 1, is within the scope of domestic legislation of the members of the Union." This provision is also consistent with the provisions of other foreign countries. For example, Article 66 of the Italian Copyright Law stipulates that political or administrative speeches delivered at public meetings or other public occasions may be freely reproduced in newspapers or broadcast.But it should indicate the source, the author’s name, the date and place of the speech. Article 48 (1) of the German Copyright Law stipulates that: 1. Reproduction and dissemination of speeches on current affairs published in public meetings or broadcasts and public reproduction of such speeches are allowed in newspapers or other news papers that mainly report current affairs. 2. Reproduce, disseminate and publicly reproduce speeches delivered in public consultations of countries, regions or religious organizations.
6. To translate or copy a few published works for classroom teaching or scientific research in schools for the use of teaching or scientific research personnel, but not for publication and distribution.
Classroom teaching in schools is an activity of imparting knowledge; Scientific research is an activity to explore the nature and laws of things by scientific methods on the basis of summing up and absorbing the experience or knowledge of predecessors. These two activities are inseparable from the accumulation and exploration of knowledge. Knowledge itself is the sum of knowledge and experience accumulated by people in the practice of transforming the world. Learning knowledge and creating knowledge are inseparable from the use of existing works. Restricting this use will hinder the improvement of the cultural level of the whole nation and the development of science and technology. Therefore, the copyright laws and international treaties of many countries include a small number of copies of copyrighted works for the purpose of teaching or scientific research in the scope of fair use. For example, Article 10, paragraph 2, of Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works stipulates that the laws of the member countries of the Union and the special agreements existing or to be signed between the member countries stipulate that literary and artistic works can be legally used as teaching explanations through publications, radio broadcasts or audio and video recordings, as long as they are used within the scope of legitimate needs to achieve the purpose and are in line with reasonable use. The third provision stipulates that the citation and use mentioned in the preceding paragraphs should indicate the source, and if the original source has the author’s name, it should also indicate it. Japan attaches great importance to education and the cultivation of talents, and uses four articles in the Copyright Law to explain the rational use of works for teaching purposes. Article 33 of the law stipulates that for the purpose of school education,Within the necessary limits, published works can be published in teaching books. Article 34 stipulates the broadcasting of school educational programs. Article 35 stipulates the reproduction of schools and other educational institutions. Thirty-sixth provisions as a copy of the test questions. Article 29 (1) of the Copyright Law in Taiwan Province, China, stipulates that those who extract other people’s works to edit textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education shall not be regarded as infringing on other people’s copyrights, if the original works are noted. China’s copyright law also stipulates in this article that for classroom teaching or scientific research in schools, the published works of others can be translated or copied in small quantities for use by teaching or scientific researchers without permission and without payment to the copyright owner, but the author’s name and the name of the work should be indicated, and it should not be published.
There are several problems that need to be paid attention to. First, the term "classroom teaching" mentioned in this item is strictly restricted. For-profit teaching such as postgraduate entrance examination classes, TOEFL and GRE training classes does not belong to "classroom teaching". Second, "a small amount of reproduction", generally speaking, should not exceed the needs of classroom teaching or scientific research. Third, translation can be a part of an existing work or all of it. More translation and less translation depend on the needs of classroom teaching or scientific research. Fourth, the purpose of translation or a small amount of reproduction is for teaching or scientific research personnel to use in school classroom teaching or scientific research, and cannot be used for publication. Fifth, when translating or reproducing a published work by others, the author’s name and the name of the work should be indicated; Shall not infringe upon other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with the copyright law.
Seven, the state organs to perform official duties in a reasonable range of use of published works.
State organs include legislative organs, administrative organs, judicial organs, legal supervision organs and military organs. There are many cases in which state organs use other people’s works. For example, the legislature copies or extracts some legal papers to make laws. Judicial organs and legal supervision organs need to copy written works and photographic works related to the case for handling cases. Administrative organs copy political, economic, cultural, educational, scientific and technological materials for the needs of administrative management. Military organs copy maps for exercises and operations, and so on. State organs use other people’s published works in order to study problems, formulate policies and implement management, that is, to perform official duties, without permission or payment to the copyright owner. However, if the use of other people’s works by state organs is not necessary for official activities, such as publishing a book of Selected Papers on Family Planning, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the copyright owner and pay him remuneration. In addition, state organs may not arbitrarily expand the scope of use of published works of others for the purpose of performing official duties. For example, for the purpose of trial, a people’s court can find out the facts only by copying one article in the works compiled by the copyright owner, but it can’t copy several articles, otherwise it is not fair use. In order to prevent the abuse of this provision, not only to protect the rights and interests of copyright owners, but also to ensure the needs of state organs in performing official duties, the amendments to the Copyright Law stipulated in the 1990 Copyright Law"Use of published works by state organs for official duties" was revised to "Use of published works by state organs within a reasonable range for official duties", which further clarified the scope of use of published works by others by state organs. Some foreign countries have also stipulated this fair use. For example, Article 45 of the German Copyright Law stipulates: "For the use of court proceedings, arbitration courts or public security organs, it is allowed to make or witness to make a single copy of a work. Courts and public security organs may copy or have portraits copied for judicial and public security purposes. Under the same conditions as reproduction, it is allowed to spread, publicly exhibit or publicly reproduce the crops. "
Eight, libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums, art galleries, etc. to display or save the version, copy the works collected by the library.
Libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums and art galleries copy works in many cases, for example, libraries copy and photocopy certain books; The archives make some historical materials into films by microfilm; The memorial hall makes a photo exhibition of someone’s manuscript and diary; The museum displays some historical photos after remaking them; Watermarking paintings in art galleries and so on. Copying other people’s works in libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums and art galleries meets the following two conditions, which are fair use: First, the purpose of copying other people’s works is to display or preserve them. Libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums and art galleries collect all kinds of modern and even ancient works, some of which are old and damaged due to age, some are out of print books or only one original. The development of human civilization requires us to preserve the excellent and meaningful works of past dynasties. Therefore, the copyright law includes the reproduction of other people’s works for the purpose of saving or displaying the version into the scope of fair use. Second, the copied works must be collected by this museum, and other museums cannot be allowed to copy the works collected by this museum, nor can they copy the works collected by other museums. Foreign copyright laws also have such provisions. For example, Article 31 of the Japanese Copyright Law stipulates that libraries and other facilities stipulated by decrees for the purpose of providing use to the public shall be provided on the following occasions.As a non-profit undertaking, crops can be copied from books, records or other materials in libraries, etc.: (1) At the request of users in libraries, some copies of published crops can be provided for their investigation and research, and only one copy can be provided for each person. (2) For the need of preserving library materials. (3) at the request of other libraries, etc., provide copies of libraries that are generally difficult to obtain due to out of print or similar reasons. Article 68 of the Italian Copyright Law stipulates that the library can freely photocopy the works in its collection for readers’ personal use or the library’s services.
Nine, free performance of published works, the performance did not charge fees to the public, nor did it pay remuneration to the performers.
Free performance refers to non-commercial performance. For example, schools, enterprises, etc. organize performances by their students, teachers or employees to celebrate the May 1 International Labor Day and the birthday of the Party. The main purpose of free performance is to enrich and enliven the cultural life at the grassroots level, and the performers do not get income from it. Therefore, free performance of other people’s published works can be performed without permission and without payment to the copyright owner. A free performance of a published work must meet the following conditions for reasonable use: First, a free performance of the work must be published. If the work is not published, even if the performance is free, it must be approved by the copyright owner. Second, when performing to the public for free, other rights of the copyright owner should be respected, the name of the author and the name of the work should be indicated, and the work should not be arbitrarily modified, distorted or tampered with. Third, a free performance should neither charge the public (audience or audience) nor pay the performers. If the performer is paid by the organization of the performance, the performance is not free, although there is no ticket. In order to further clarify what is a free performance, the amendment to the Copyright Law added a provision on the basis of the "free performance of published works" stipulated in the Copyright Law in 1990: "The performance did not charge the public or pay the performers."
It should be pointed out that the "free performance" here does not include voluntary performances by some literary and art groups and actors to sponsor large-scale sports competitions and help the disabled. Because voluntary performances have to be charged to the public, these expenses include both the performance fees of actors and the use fees of works. Voluntary performance is just that the actor dedicates his due performance fee to the relevant units or individuals, and a part of the benefit performance income should be paid to the author. If the author agrees, it can also be dedicated to the relevant units or individuals.
On the scope of reasonable use of the right to perform, different countries have different regulations. Article 38 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that a published work can be publicly staged, played, dictated or shown when it is not for profit and does not charge the audience or audience fees (that is, it does not charge the consideration and reward for providing or showing crops in any name). However, when the performance, performance, oral presentation or exhibition is paid to the performer or narrator, this restriction does not apply. However, the United States stipulates that only performing religious works in religious occasions or performing works for the blind or other disabled people (such as the deaf-mute) that they cannot enjoy through normal channels is fair use. In other cases, even if the performance is non-commercial, it is necessary to notify the copyright owner in advance or perform certain procedures in the copyright office. This provision of China’s copyright law is made on the basis of drawing lessons from relevant foreign national regulations and combining with China’s actual needs.
10. Copying, painting, photographing and video recording works of art set up or displayed in outdoor public places.
Artistic works set up or displayed in outdoor public places mainly refer to paintings, sculptures, calligraphy and so on set up in squares, streets, intersections, parks, tourist attractions and buildings. For example, the stele of the Monument to the People’s Heroes and the relief around it; Statues of figures around Beijing Workers Stadium; Murals on the wall of the teaching building of the Conservatory of Music. The use of an artistic work set up or displayed in an outdoor public place without permission or payment from the copyright owner is restricted by two aspects. First, the artistic work must be set up or displayed in an outdoor public place. Second, the way to use works is limited to copying, painting, photography and video recording, and these works of art cannot be used in direct contact, such as rubbing.
The reason why the Copyright Law stipulates that copying, painting, photography and video recording of artistic works set up or displayed in outdoor public places can be done without the permission of the copyright owner, mainly because these artistic works set up or displayed in outdoor public places have long-term public and public welfare nature. Since they are displayed or set up in outdoor public places, it is inevitable that someone will copy, paint or take photos and video recording with this as the background. It is actually impossible for users to obtain the permission of the copyright owner and pay remuneration. Therefore, in this case, the use of other people’s works should naturally belong to the scope of reasonable use. Other countries also have this provision. For example, Article 492 of the Russian Civil Code stipulates that copying and reproducing plastic arts works displayed in open places (excluding exhibitions and museums) by any other means can be done without the author’s consent and without paying the author’s remuneration, but the author’s name and citation source must be indicated, except for mechanical rubbing.
Eleven, China citizens, legal persons or other organizations have published works written in Chinese into minority languages for publication in China.
China is a multi-ethnic country, with more than 50 ethnic minorities besides the Han nationality. In order to promote the development of science and culture of ethnic minorities, Han Chinese written works can be translated into any ethnic minority written works, without obtaining permission or paying remuneration to the copyright owner. However, the copyright law imposes the following restrictions on this kind of translation. First, the translated works in Chinese must be published, and the translation of unpublished works requires the permission of the copyright owner. Second, the translated works in Chinese characters must be created by China citizens, legal persons or other organizations. Thirdly, the publishing scope of translating works written in Chinese into works written in minority languages is limited to People’s Republic of China (PRC), and it is impossible to translate works written in Chinese into works written in minority languages and spread them abroad. If you want to publish and distribute abroad, you should obtain the permission of the copyright owner and pay him remuneration. Fourth, the author’s name should be indicated when translating, and the work should not be modified, distorted or tampered with without authorization. The copyright law of 1990 stipulates this fair use: "Translate the published works in Han languages into minority languages and publish them in China." There is no such provision in the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. However, considering the need of developing and prospering the culture of ethnic minorities in China, it is better to keep this provision in the Copyright Law of 1990.But it is not suitable for foreigners. Therefore, the amendment to the Copyright Law amended this fair use provision to read: "Translate the published works written in Chinese by China citizens, legal persons or other organizations into works written in minority languages and publish them in China."
Twelve, the published works will be published in Braille.
Blind people are disabled and can only read by touch. It is the wish of the majority of authors to help the disabled, reduce their burden and study scientific and cultural knowledge hard. Therefore, the Copyright Law stipulates that a published work can be published in Braille without the permission of the copyright owner and without payment, but the author’s name and the name of the work should be indicated, and the work should not be arbitrarily modified, distorted or tampered with. The "Copyright Law" of Russian and other countries and Taiwan Province also lists this as fair use. Article 492 (8) of the Russian Civil Code stipulates that the published works for the blind can be published in raised font, and the works can be used without the consent of the author and without paying the remuneration for the works. Article 30 of the Copyright Law in Taiwan Province stipulates that a published work may be reproduced by braille for the blind. With the permission of the government, organizations whose purpose is to promote the welfare of the blind may record published works for the exclusive use of the blind.
The Copyright Law not only stipulates that the rights of copyright owners are restricted by the above twelve aspects, but also stipulates that the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations are also subject to the above-mentioned restrictions. That is, the provisions of the second paragraph of this article: the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to the restrictions on the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.
According to the provisions of the Copyright Law, publishers enjoy exclusive rights to publish works delivered for publication by copyright owners in accordance with the contract and are protected by law. During the period when the publisher enjoys the exclusive right to publish a work, others may not publish the work. However, according to the provisions of the second paragraph of this article, if a Braille publishing house wants to publish a published work in Braille, it can publish the work without the publisher’s permission and without paying remuneration.
According to the provisions of the copyright law, performers have the right to license others to perform audio and video recordings of their performances and get paid. However, if someone records and videos a performer’s performance for personal appreciation, they can do so without the permission of the performer and without payment.
According to the provisions of the Copyright Law, producers of audio and video recordings have the right to permit others to copy, distribute, rent, and disseminate the audio and video recordings to the public through information networks, and get paid. However, if the audio and video recordings are copied for classroom teaching, for example, a dance academy copies a video recording of a certain dance, it is not necessary to pay the producers without their permission, and at the same time, it is not necessary to pay the performers.
According to the provisions of the Copyright Law, radio stations and television stations have the right to prohibit the recording of their broadcasts and televisions on audio-visual carriers and the copying of audio-visual carriers without their permission. However, if an individual records the radio and television broadcast by a radio station or television station on an audio-visual carrier for study, research and appreciation, he can do so without the permission of the radio station or television station and without paying him.
        
Article 23 When compiling and publishing a textbook for the implementation of the nine-year compulsory education and the national education plan, unless the author declares in advance that it is not allowed to be used, he may compile published fragments of works, short written works, musical works or single works of art and photography in the textbook without the permission of the copyright owner, but he shall pay remuneration in accordance with the provisions, indicate the author’s name and the title of the work, and shall not infringe upon other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with this Law.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to restrictions on the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.
[Interpretation] This article is about legal permission.
This article is a newly added provision in this revision of the Copyright Law.
Legal permission refers to the use of a published work without the consent of the author or other copyright owners in accordance with the law. Legal license is a restriction on copyright. When using other people’s works according to legal permission, remuneration shall be paid to the author or other copyright owners, and the name of the author, the name of the work and the source shall be indicated. Some countries stipulate that the use of other people’s works in compiling and publishing textbooks is within the scope of legal permission, that is, it can be used without the permission of the copyright owner. For example, the first paragraph of Article 33 of Japan’s Copyright Law stipulates that for the purpose of school education, published works can be published in textbooks (referring to books for educating children or students in primary schools, middle schools or colleges and similar schools approved by the Minister of Education or published in the name of works of the Ministry of Education). Paragraph 2 stipulates that, according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a person who wants to publish crops in a book for teaching and learning should, at the same time, inform the copyright owner of this intention, comprehensively consider the purpose of this paragraph, the types and uses of the crops, the usual amount of royalties and other matters, and pay compensation to the copyright owner according to the amount stipulated by the director of the Cultural Department every year. The third paragraph stipulates that after the director of the Department of Culture has stipulated the amount of compensation stipulated in the preceding paragraph, this stipulation will be published in the official newspaper.The fourth paragraph stipulates that the provisions of the first three paragraphs are applicable to correspondence teaching books in colleges and universities and teachers’ guidance books related to the textbooks specified in the first paragraph (limited to the scope related to the distribution of the textbooks). Article 46 of the German Copyright Law stipulates: (1) If part of a work or a small-length language work, music work, separate art work or separate photographic work is used in a compilation after publication, or several people’s works are compiled into a book, and according to the characteristics of the above-mentioned works, it is allowed to copy and distribute such a compilation. The purpose of the assembly must be clearly indicated on the title page or the corresponding position. (2) Paragraph (1) applies to the use of compilations of musical works for music teaching in general schools, except music schools. (3) Only when the intention to use the right in paragraph (1) is notified to the author by registered mail or the owner of the exclusive usufructuary right is notified when his address and place of residence are unknown, and the copy can be started two weeks later. If the address or residence of the owner of the exclusive usufructuary right is unclear, a notice may be published in the Federal Gazette. (4) Appropriate remuneration should be paid to the author for reproduction and distribution. (5) If the work no longer conforms to the belief of the author and the author is unwilling to continue to use the work and has recovered the existing usufructuary right for this reason, the author may prohibit copying and distribution.
Considering that education is related to the development of the country’s economy, culture and science, the whole society should give it strong support. On the basis of drawing lessons from some foreign countries and international treaties, this amendment to the Copyright Law adds this article, that is, the preparation and publication of textbooks for the implementation of nine-year compulsory education and the national education plan can be done without the permission of the copyright owner, unless the author declares in advance that they are not allowed to be used. Compiling published fragments of works, short written works, musical works or single works of art and photography in textbooks, but remuneration shall be paid in accordance with regulations, indicating the name of the author and the name of the work, and other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with this law shall not be infringed. When applying this article, we should pay attention to the following points: firstly, the textbooks mentioned in this article refer to the official teaching materials used in classroom teaching, and should not include teaching reference books, counseling series and counseling materials. Second, the purpose of using other people’s published works without permission must be to compile and publish textbooks for the implementation of nine-year compulsory education and the national education plan. Third, the use of published works of others for textbooks must meet the quantitative requirements determined by law, such as "fragments" of works, "short" written works, musical works, "single" art works and photographic works. Fourth, remuneration should be paid to the copyright owner in accordance with the regulations, and the name of the author and the name of the work should be indicated. Fifth,When compiling and publishing textbooks using published works of others, other rights enjoyed by copyright owners in accordance with the copyright law shall not be infringed. Sixth, in order to take care of the situation that some authors may be dissatisfied with some of their original published works or for other reasons, and do not want others to publish and use them again, this article clearly stipulates that the authors shall not use those works that have been declared forbidden in advance. Seventh, the provisions of the statutory license in this article also apply to the restrictions on the rights of publishers, performers, producers of audio and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.
        

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Britain announces further sanctions against Russia

  On September 30, local time, the British government website released a message saying that the British Foreign Office announced a new ban on the export of services and commodities on the same day for the vulnerable sectors of the Russian economy.

  The news said that Britain is keeping pace with international partners and targeting key areas of the Russian economy. The new measures will put economic pressure on Russia by targeting vulnerable sectors and destroying key supply chains.

  According to the news, on the basis of previous actions, Britain will prevent Russia from using IT consulting services, construction services, engineering services, advertising services and transactional legal consulting services. Britain also imposed sanctions on Elvira Nabiullina, governor of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, and banned the export of nearly 700 kinds of goods to Russia. (Headquarters reporter Kang Yudong Chen Lincong)

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Be alert! "Quantum+Life" products are almost all deceptive.

  "Never decide what to do, quantum mechanics", which was originally a joke and ridicule in science fiction and film circles, has now become a "pain" in the hearts of many employees in the quantum industry.

  Experts pointed out that quantum technology has not yet been related to daily necessities. At present, the so-called "quantum+life" products are almost all deceptive things.

  The public should know the latest scientific progress, prevent falling into the trap of online rumors and prevent the second spread of rumors.

  Our reporter Joline.

  The children, dressing the, are flipping through their books quickly. "Read 100,000 words in 5 minutes, and you can completely repeat the content after reading". This special function is printed on the posters of training institutions and becomes an educational way of "developing the potential of the whole brain". Not long ago, this "Quantum Fluctuation Speed Reading" competition video frequently boarded hot search.

  This is just a case of "making money" by using the concept of "quantum".

  In response to this scam, an article in the well-known popular science platform "Mozi Salon" said that no matter how the concept of wave is expanded, the ink on the book does not have the function of radiation and communication, and the wisdom and knowledge carried by the book will not automatically appear in your mind. If you want to improve your reading ability and turn dead words into knowledge in your mind, you can only read more.

  However, the attraction of shortcuts is enormous. The reporter’s investigation found that with the continuous breakthrough of quantum technology in China, the scam of fraud has also been constantly refreshed.

  "Quantum commodity" is omnipotent.

  From low-end quantum water, quantum socks and quantum necklaces to high-end patents and capital market packaging, the quantum concept is being used as a "banner" by many "businessmen" with sensitive sense of smell.

  — — Low stage: "bragging about goods"

  Searching for "quantum" on Taobao, there are hundreds of kinds of "quantum goods": quantum water, quantum necklace, quantum cigarette case, quantum glasses, quantum car film, quantum anti-radiation mobile phone sticker, quantum super porcelain energy bowl & HELIP; … After careful search, there are many quantum health care products, and some even play the concept of "quantum medicine".

  What these goods have in common is that they are "powerful" and expensive. For example, quantum socks can not only "deodorize" but also "increase energy", and the price of a pair is above 30 yuan; A quantum beauty spray that claims to "directly reach the bottom of the skin", priced at 88 yuan; A more expensive "quantum super resonator", with a price tag of more than 1500 yuan, claims to contain a "300-core quantum chip", which can repair the disordered human cell magnetic field by using hundreds of millions of harmonic resonances per second. On the official website of a quantum biotechnology company, it was claimed that a product named "Zhongding Quantum Wine" had been listed, which improved the vibration frequency through quantum technology, thus enhancing the energy of health factors and achieving the efficacy of wine therapy. The company’s goal is to achieve an annual output of 2,000 tons of quantum wine from 2015 to 2020, with an output value of RMB 1.2 billion.

  Some experts have no choice but to say that the so-called quantum water, quantum medicine, quantum fertilizer, etc. are all nouns that fool the public, and have nothing to do with quantum at all, and the academic field that should be pure is hyped up. In order to make these products look more credible, merchants will also superimpose multiple scientific concepts to make it more difficult for consumers to distinguish. For example, quantum resonators are superimposed with many terms such as "negative oxygen ions", "micron electromagnetic waves" and "terahertz".

  Jin Xianmin, a professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University, told the reporter that although there may be many quantum effects in life phenomena, such as biological navigation and photosynthesis, the experiment is very difficult because these phenomena are too macroscopic. "What has not been realized in the laboratory, how can it be popular in the market?" Judging whether a commodity is quantum or not depends on whether it uses quantum coherence and superposition. If it is not used, it is not a quantum product. "

  — — Mid-stage position: "conceptual protection"

  In order to make their absurd remarks look more credible, these companies package their own "routines" very similar, and most of them use "concepts" such as patents, institutions and summits.

  Use "patents". A company that claims to be doing quantum technology introduced this in WeChat official account: When the quantum water processor is installed, the ultra-fine micro-vibration wave is continuously and constantly released and transmitted into the water through the cylinder wall. The decomposition of large water cluster into small single water molecules enhances the activity and solubility of water molecules, so that the human body can better absorb them.

  The company applied for a number of utility model patents to "endorse" the products: a "quantum water pipe" improved the purification efficiency, and the purified tap water reached the standard of drinking water; A kind of "Quantum Super Laundry Paper" can achieve a breakthrough in deep stain removal and give full play to its excellent cleaning effect. A "quantum chip" can achieve higher quantum energy, enhance the penetration of quantum energy, have better therapeutic effect and simple and reasonable structure; A kind of "quantum socks" contains metal fibers engraved with quantum energy. It combines acupoint massage with socks to form a convenient Yongquan acupoint massage energy socks, which can treat many diseases … …

  Backdoor "meeting". On the one hand, sensational articles are published from the media to provoke consumers’ "health anxiety". For example, pushing articles likes to use titles such as "How far is cancer from us" and "Mild fatty liver can also become cancerous directly, and the culprit is here"; On the other hand, by holding offline activities, we can find more institutions to help with awards and platforms, and further enhance our "sense of science and technology".

  The reporter found the "Summit Forum on the Application and Development of Quantum Science and Technology Products", which included experts from China, South Korea, Russia and other countries. The report claimed that "the leaders of the conference and the guests present witnessed the opening ceremony of the DNA quantum energy warehouse, and the experts explained the quantum (bio-wave) course of medicine and traditional Chinese medicine". The quantum warehouse gathered seven kinds of energy (far-infrared electric wave, photon energy, electric wave, electromagnetic wave, bio-wave and magnetic field, also called gravitational wave.

  Rub the "paper" In an article on the popular science platform "Fruit Shell", the author pointed out that in September 2018, the paper "On Quantum Entanglement and Acupuncture" published in China Acupuncture, a core Chinese journal, was popular on the Internet, claiming that "the application of quantum entanglement theory to the mutual treatment of immediate family members in acupuncture clinic has achieved remarkable results", which was seriously questioned. The biomedical literature search engine PubMed shows that this paper has been withdrawn, and the reason given is that "there are some defects in the paper, and the author proposes to withdraw it", and China Knowledge Network has been unable to search.

  — — High-end segment: "capital scam"

  In November 2016, Longai Quantum Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Longai Quantum") was incorporated in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. On the company’s network platform, criminals claim that this is a comprehensive large-scale group company with quantum cutting-edge technology as the core and integrating research and development, application, promotion and service. If you invest in products through the company life mall, you can get points. In fact, "Long Ai Quantum" requires participants to obtain membership by paying fees, and members are arranged in layers according to certain rules, so as to obtain high dynamic and static benefits, lure members to continuously develop offline, and take the number of developers and offline performance as the rebate basis, forming a typical pyramid-shaped MLM membership system. This pyramid scheme case has been cracked. The reporter found from the results of the inquiry from the ruling document network that even though it has been widely exposed, many ordinary consumers are still deceived.

  Not only are there such pyramid schemes, but there are also a few companies that take "quantum" stories in the capital market. Quantum technology is not only difficult to distinguish between authenticity and falsehood for consumers, but also tests judgment for the capital market.

  "I’ve met a project, saying that quantum energy waves enter the human bioelectric field ‘ Quantum resonance ’ To achieve genetic testing. " Wu Yu, general manager of the new manufacturing investment department of Yuexiu Industrial Fund, said that the important function of the capital market is the allocation of resources. Excessive packaging in the capital market by enterprises with pseudo-quantum technology or quantum concept will have a negative effect on the effective investment of capital resources in the process of quantum technology industrialization. The consumer market needs the supervision and management of market regulators, and the regulators of the capital market also need to guide the market resources to distinguish the false from the true and correctly allocate them.

  Quantum application, eliminating the false and preserving the true

  "Never decide what to do, quantum mechanics", which was originally a joke and ridicule in science fiction and film circles, has now become a "pain" in the hearts of many employees in the quantum industry. When the concept is abused, it will not only hurt consumers, but also bring negative word-of-mouth effect to the benign development of the industry.

  — — What are reliable industrial applications?

  The development of quantum technology has a great influence on the progress of human science and technology.

  At present, the research of quantum science and technology is mainly concentrated in the fields of quantum communication, quantum calculation and quantum precision measurement. Experts pointed out that the prospect of quantum technology is very good, but it may take several years to really apply it to people’s lives; In the early years, nucleic acid, nanotechnology, gene therapy, etc., almost every rise of new technology will be hyped by people with ulterior motives, and the methods are similar, mostly making a fuss about daily necessities and medical care. Don’t disturb the market and make this field lose people’s hearts because of these unscientific hype.

  The latest industrial applications based on quantum physics have been very extensive, including atomic clocks (time and length measurement, navigation); Standards based on quantum measurement (resistance, current, etc.); Laser technology (all kinds of measurement, printer, CD player, welding, cutting technology, medical laser, etc.); Semiconductor technology (transistors, chips, etc.), including microscope and communication technology, all include the application of quantum theory.

  In the field of quantum communication, China’s research results are rich and its industrialization level is leading the world. According to the data in the international authoritative patent database DWPI, in the field of quantum communication, the number of patents of the same family published by China’s Keda Guodun, Japan’s Toshiba and Japan Electric Co., Ltd. exceeds 100, ranking in the top three. These regular companies have been deeply involved in the field of quantum communication for many years, and their patent applications are all for the protection of their own technology and strategic layout, which are essentially different from those titled party-type patents such as quantum health water, quantum health shoes and quantum health care instrument, which are crowned as "quantum" and whose essence is hot spots. Everyone should beware of being deceived.

  In the field of quantum communication, typical applications include quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation, and representative products include Keda Guodun and QKD related equipment developed by Anhui Wentian Quantum. In addition, there are quantum VPN, quantum security encryption router and so on.

  In the field of quantum computing, researchers told reporters that although the development of quantum computers has made rapid progress, most of the current quantum computers are in the prototype state, and it will take a long time to achieve them in general quantum computers. It is a difficult process to really develop practical quantum devices.

  In the field of quantum measurement, the representative enterprises in China are Guoyi Quantum, etc. The products provided mainly include core key devices represented by enhanced quantum sensors and scientific instruments and equipment used for analysis and testing.

  — — Don’t let shanzhai affect real innovation.

  Zhu Yannan, the person in charge of Mozi Salon, said that, for example, the quantum water, quantum insoles that suddenly emerged in 2017, and the quantum fluctuation speed reading of the sudden fire in 2019 are actually deceptive.

  Under the wave of the second quantum revolution, scientists are not only doing scientific research, but also trying to do popular science, which is "competitive" with pseudoscience, but it is very difficult to "discard the false and preserve the true". By this scientific concept, shanzhai and fraud will bring great trouble to the benign development of the industry.

  "There are more counterfeit products, and everyone will be disgusted with good and bad quantum products in the future." A domestic scientist in quantum field told reporters helplessly that the abuse of quantum concept is very negative to the normal development of market and industry.

  Zhang Qiang, co-chairman of the Focus Group on Quantum Information Technology of the International Telecommunication Union, said that there are many factors that make popular science spread far less quickly than rumors: for example, the scientific literacy of the people needs to be improved, and the discrimination against news reports and false propaganda of emerging science and technology is insufficient; There is no sufficient linkage between the market supervision department and the quantum academic circle. When "pseudo-quantum" products use people’s knowledge blind spots to swindle and cheat, it is difficult for market supervisors to scientifically supervise and respond in time. Some self-media also have the situation of chasing hot spots. "How to systematically do quantum science popularization, how to establish a fast and effective supervision mechanism, and how to increase the illegal cost of false propaganda through public interest litigation are all directions for discussion."

  "Is there any commercial speculation and public relations behavior in the development of quantum technology?" Li Xiaoming, the content director of the popular science platform "Intellectuals", told reporters that the quantum science and technology competition should distinguish between commercial speculation, public relations and real innovation.

  Experts pointed out that quantum technology has not yet been related to daily necessities. At present, the so-called "quantum+life" products are almost all deceptive things. "We have been trying to publish authoritative quantum scientific research information, popular science articles and cartoons in a language that ordinary people can understand and in a flexible and diverse way, and from a practical point of view, we have cracked down on various rumors in society one by one."

  "In addition to doing quantum science popularization, we also focus on cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and life sciences, and show the beauty and strength of science and technology through online and offline activities, so that the public can understand the great promotion of science to the development of human civilization. At the same time, the public should understand the latest scientific progress, prevent falling into the trap of online rumors, recognize some scams caused by information asymmetry, and debunk them in a reasonable way to prevent the second spread of rumors. " Zhu Yannan said.

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Tengshi’s first sports car spy photos exposure! Two-door four-seat layout, performance comparable to 911?

A few days ago, the spy photos of Tengshi sports car were exposed on the Internet. This car was originally a production version of Equation Leopard Super 9, and now it has been changed to Tengshi. It is reported that the new car will be available in both hardtop and convertible versions, and its performance is comparable to that of Porsche 911. It is expected to be unveiled at the Shanghai Auto Show in 2025, and the price is expected to exceed 300,000 yuan.

From the spy photos, the car is covered with a blue camouflage sticker that is common in Tengshi. The body is low and smooth, and the size of the whole car is not expected to be too large. It adopts a two-door four-seat layout. It is also equipped with large-size wheels.

Equation Leopard’s first sports car, SUPER 9, was unveiled at the press conference in April. It is a pure electric two-compartment racing car with an open roof design, equipped with suspended double-wing doors, integrated carbon fiber seats, carbon fiber matrix skeleton and racing steering wheel.

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Spring Festival travel rush: Change and Invariance in Time.

Imposition photo: The picture above shows that during the Spring Festival travel rush in 1989, a staff member used a radar speedometer to spot check the speed of buses entering and leaving Beijing Station (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Song Lianfeng); The picture below shows that on January 13, 2017, passengers waited for the EMU train on the platform of Hankou Railway Station in Hubei Province (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiao Yijiu). From steam locomotives and diesel locomotives to electric locomotives and EMU trains, with the continuous development of China’s railway industry, passenger travel in Spring Festival travel rush has become more and more efficient and convenient.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: The above picture shows the passengers resting on the 2334 train from Xi ‘an to Guiyang on the night of January 19, 2006 (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ding Haitao); The picture below shows passengers resting on the G1 train of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway on January 12, 2012 (photo by Xinhua News Agency issued by Wang Shen). From steam locomotives and diesel locomotives to electric locomotives and EMU trains, with the continuous development of China’s railway industry, passenger travel in Spring Festival travel rush has become more and more efficient and convenient.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: The picture above shows a volunteer (left) handing out train schedules to passengers at Chongqing Railway Station on January 9, 2001 (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Hengyi); The picture below shows that on January 13, 2017, at Guangzhou South Railway Station, children looked at the intelligent robot "Xiaolu" that provided consulting services for passengers (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liang Xushe). "Xiaolu" was introduced by Guangzhou Railway Bureau, which can provide passengers with information such as train time, ticket purchase information and weather conditions, and can provide a brand-new travel experience for Spring Festival travel rush passengers instead of manual work.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: On January 6, 2006, people queued to buy train tickets at temporary ticket outlets in Shanghai (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Fei); The picture below shows that on January 13, 2017, passengers purchased tickets at the ticket vending machine at Nanchang Railway Station (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Mi). With the advent of the Internet era, people can buy tickets online anytime and anywhere, and it is not common to queue up at the window to buy tickets.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: The above picture shows that on February 24, 1999, Chengdu Railway Station was full of passengers (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Xie); The picture below shows that on January 13, 2017, at Chengdu East Railway Station, passengers were ready to take the bus (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xue Yubin). In recent years, although the number of tourists has increased year by year, the overall travel environment in Spring Festival travel rush has been continuously improved.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: The picture above shows that on January 29th, 2004, more than 1,700 migrant workers boarded the "special work train" bound for Guangzhou and Shenzhen at Chengdu Railway Station (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Qiangang); The picture below shows that on February 1, 2016, passengers who took the Guangzhou Railway Group’s migrant workers to return to their hometowns got on the platform of Guangzhou South Railway Station (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liang Xu). From steam locomotives and diesel locomotives to electric locomotives and EMU trains, with the continuous development of China’s railway industry, passenger travel in Spring Festival travel rush has become more and more efficient and convenient.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: The above picture shows that on January 14, 2006, passengers entered the station through manual ticket checking at Beijing Railway Station (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Wen); The picture below shows that on January 13, 2017, a passenger experienced the use of face recognition system to verify the entrance at Guangzhou South Railway Station. When passing the gate, he made a "V" gesture toward the camera (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liang Xushe). Nowadays, the train stations in Beijing, Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, Nanchang and other places have put into use the intelligent ticket checking system during their stay in Spring Festival travel rush, which not only speeds up the arrival of passengers, but also relieves the pressure of manual ticket checking.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: The above picture shows that during the Spring Festival travel rush in 1994, the staff of Xi’ an Railway Station delivered hot water to the passengers passing by Xi’ an Railway Station (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Tao Mingshe); The picture below shows that on February 6, 2016, Liao Hui, a train worker in Fuzhou Passenger Transport Section of Nanchang Railway Bureau, delivered hot water to a small passenger (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Jiang Kehong). For a long time, countless staff members have been busy silently for the smooth return of passengers.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: The above picture shows that on January 20, 2005, the staff of the rail inspection team of the comprehensive workshop of Guyuan Works Section of Yinchuan Railway Branch carried out inspection work on the Bao (Ji) Zhong (Wei) railway line (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Quanlong); The picture below shows that on January 21, 2016, the line workers replaced the threaded nails on the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. Workers in Nanjing Line Workshop of Nanjing Bridge Section of Shanghai Railway Bureau inspected the railway line on the main deck of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge before the arrival of Spring Festival travel rush (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Renzi). For a long time, countless staff members have been busy silently for the smooth return of passengers.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: The above picture shows the personnel on duty commanding and dispatching vehicles in the signal building of Zhengzhou Railway Station on February 5, 2005 (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Gu Lilin); The picture below shows that on January 19th, 2016, in the driving room of the operation workshop of Nanjing Railway Station, the attendant was monitoring the operation status of the equipment. Whenever a train leaves, station attendant should observe the platform, tracks, trains and other aspects to ensure safety and inform the driver to leave as planned (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xiangshe). For a long time, countless staff members have been busy silently for the smooth return of passengers.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

Imposition photo: The picture above shows that on January 28th, 2008, due to the severe freezing snow disaster, the highway transportation in northern Guangxi was blocked in a large area, and the returning people in Xinxu Township, Guanyang County, Guangxi walked on a closed road (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Ruihua); The picture below shows that on January 31st, 2013, the owner Sun Hongzhe (right) and the passenger Lei Chan Fen met through the "Spring Festival Home Help Alliance" on the Internet, and their hometown in Shandong decided to carpool to go home from Guangzhou for the New Year (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liang Xushe). Every year in Spring Festival travel rush, people choose different ways to travel, and the same thing is people’s hope for family reunion.

Spring Festival travel rush Road varies from year to year. With the continuous progress of China’s social economy, the face of Spring Festival travel rush is constantly changing, and the pace of people returning home during the Spring Festival is becoming more leisurely.

Spring Festival travel rush Road is the same year after year. Behind the migration of hundreds of millions of people is Chinese’s eternal home complex, and his dedication to work silently for the reunion of others.

Xinhua news agency

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Read the Apollo program first: how did the United States defeat the Soviet Union and realize the first moon landing?

        While carrying out manned space flight, korolev began its efforts to fly out of the earth. Of course, the moon closest to the earth is the first landing target for human beings to go into space. In order to land on the moon, at least three people need to take the same spaceship, so the size and weight of the spaceship are much larger than that of the Dongfang, which carried an astronaut before. In addition, the distance to land on the moon is much farther than that of orbiting the earth, so the thrust of the rocket must be much larger than that of the previous R-7. Korolev began to improve the R-7 in 1958. However, due to the political turmoil in the former Soviet Union, he was short of funds, and his work encountered many troubles. In 1959, Luna, the first spacecraft of the former Soviet Union to explore the moon, was supposed to touch the moon, but in the end it was 6,000 kilometers off the scheduled orbit. Fortunately, Lunar Exploration II was a success, becoming the first human aircraft to reach the moon, and korolev won the first place in the world for the former Soviet Union. The third ship went one step further. It sent back photos of the back of the moon.

Sergei korolev, the father of space flight in the former Soviet Union

        According to korolev’s plan, it is a matter of time before the Soviet Union landed on the moon, and it should be before the Americans. In order to meet the needs of landing on the moon, korolev put forward a new design scheme and long-term planning for a large rocket, which is the famous N1 launch vehicle of the former Soviet Union. N1 also has two little brothers N2 and N3, whose size and thrust are gradually reduced, and the latter is used to carry intercontinental missiles. However, just after the design scheme of N1 was released, before it was implemented, the former Soviet Union was caught in a debate about whether to give priority to the development of intercontinental missiles or manned rockets. In December, 1959, after intense discussions among officials in charge and experts at all levels, the idea of giving priority to missile development prevailed. In this case, there is no need to build a super-large rocket like N1. Although korolev has also obtained some funds to continue to develop rockets for landing on the moon, the former Soviet Union’s moon landing plan has temporarily stalled.

        At the same time, the White House ushered in a new owner, and the United States also entered their new era. The balance of the space race began to tilt in favor of the United States.

        On January 20, 1961, snow covered Washington, the capital of the United States. The youngest president in American history, only 43-year-old John F. Kennedy, was sworn in in front of the White House. A few months ago, he defeated Nixon, the then vice president, in the general election, and the two men always could not avoid a controversial topic-how to defeat the Soviet Union in the Cold War. American efforts began with President Eisenhower, and Nixon, then vice president, did a lot of work. However, the youthful Kennedy was much more ambitious than his predecessor. In Kennedy’s famous inaugural speech, he put exploring the mysteries of interstellar space as the first priority in his scientific work, before conquering deserts and treating diseases. And he called on the United States and the Soviet Union to join hands in these fields. Only four months later, Kennedy put forward an ambitious space program-landing on the moon within ten years. This program was named after the sun god, which is the famous Apollo Program.

        

Von Braun is with President Kennedy.

        The Apollo program is the largest plan for human beings to explore space and unknown areas, and the whole country in the United States has mobilized. Hundreds of universities, research institutions and companies, more than 20,000 scientists and 400,000 people directly and indirectly participated in this space program. The key to the Apollo program is the development of the rocket to the moon, and the popular candidate is von Braun. Therefore, when the project was about to begin, von Braun and his team transferred from the Army to NASA. Von Braun served as the director of Marshall Space Center, responsible for the development of rockets to the moon, the project code-named Saturn. Von Braun’s new job began in 1961, and he was fighting against his unknown opponent in the Soviet Union.

Von Braun, praised by NASA as the first person in the history of world space.

        Compared with korolev, von Braun is much luckier. The United States is more secure in financial resources and manpower than the former Soviet Union, so Americans catch up quickly. In 1961, von Braun’s Saturn I rocket was successfully developed, which was the first large thrust rocket made in the United States. The thrust of the first stage rocket reached 6670 kn, exceeding the thrust of all R-7 engines. Generally speaking, Saturn-1 was very successful. It not only successfully put five spacecraft, including command module and service module, into Earth orbit in 1964-1965, but also sent some satellites related to the Apollo program and microwave survey ships between the Earth and the Moon (to prepare for the subsequent communication on the moon) to the scheduled orbit.

The three astronauts of Apollo 11 reunited in front of the lunar module that year.

        NASA originally planned to use Saturn-1 to carry out four manned space flights in 1965-1966, but later it was found that the thrust of the rocket was slightly insufficient, so von Braun developed a Saturn-B rocket with stronger thrust in 1963. The thrust of its first-stage rocket was about 10% higher than that of Saturn-1, and the thrust of its second-stage rocket was more than doubled (890 kN to 400 kN). So far, the United States In addition to rocket technology, there are many cutting-edge technologies needed for landing on the moon. Let’s take a look at the preparations made by Americans on several key technologies.

        The first is the technology of landing and leaving the moon.It is not easy for astronauts to land on the moon safely. On the earth, with the help of the atmosphere and the ocean, we can slow down the capsule that is about to land by parachute, and we can also land on the ocean in order to prevent the capsule from colliding with the ground. Unlike the earth, the moon has neither atmosphere nor ocean, so these methods of landing on the earth are not used on the moon. The only way is to slow down the lunar module with a reverse rocket, just like what we saw in the movie Star Wars and various science fiction films. But in reality, it is very difficult to do so, and the rocket jet speed and angle must be controlled very well.

        Of course, astronauts are neither Chang ‘e nor WU GANG, so they can’t live on the moon for a long time, and they still need to leave the moon and return to Earth. At the beginning of the Apollo program, NASA proposed four return schemes.

        The first plan is to take a big rocket with the lander, and the United States is the smallest.

        The fourth scheme is to launch two rockets to the moon, one carrying the lunar module and the other carrying the rocket returning from the moon to the earth, and then assemble it on the moon. The disadvantage of this method is that if the trajectories of the two rockets deviate a little, the landing point of the lunar module and the returning rocket will be 180 kilometers or more, and the astronauts will not come back.

        Most experts prefer the first scheme because it is simple. At that time, most experts were not sure about air docking. In fact, von Braun also supports this scheme, and has planned to design a Nova rocket (nova) larger than Saturn V to accomplish this mission. However, a scientist named John Houbolt (1919-) insisted that the total weight of lunar landing equipment should be as light as possible, and tried his best to convince most people, so experts including the Marshall Space Center led by von Braun accepted the third scheme. The Apollo program finally adopted this scheme and achieved success. American historians believe that it would not have been possible to land on the moon in the late 1960s if NASA had not finally adopted the opinions of a few people, although Americans were able to land on the moon in the end.

        Of course, one of the difficulties of this plan is docking. For this reason, Apollo 9 conducted a docking test in orbit around the earth, and the test was successful. Only then did the Americans move on.

        Secondly, the technology of the moon landing spacecraft..Spacecraft landing on the moon include Command and Service Module (CSM) and Lunar Module (LM). As shown in the figure below:

The three parts of Apollo 11, from left to right, are the service module, the command module and the lunar module.

        The command module is the shelter for astronauts on their way back and forth. It is not only to send astronauts from the earth to the moon orbit, but also to return them, and it is also the only part that re-enters the atmosphere to send astronauts to the surface, so it has been tested the most in the Apollo program. This module is about three and a half meters in diameter, nearly four meters high and weighs 5.5 tons. The service module (SM) is connected with the command module (CM, sometimes called the space module in the news), and its diameter is similar to that of the command module, but its length is seven meters. It transports all kinds of materials needed for landing on the moon, including liquid fuel and various equipment, weighing 24 tons. The service module is connected to the command module and flies to the moon together, but it will be thrown away when the spacecraft re-enters the earth’s atmosphere. Most of the time, the service module and the command module are tested together. The part of landing on the moon includes the thrust rocket needed for landing on the moon and the rocket leaving the moon, as well as the lunar module. Although the weight of this part has been reduced as much as possible in the design, it still weighs 15 tons.

        Then there is the control technology.One of the most critical technologies is the Kalman filter in automatic control. This filtering method was invented by Rudolph E. Kalman (1930-), an American Hungarian mathematician. At the beginning of this control theory put forward by Kalman, its practicability was so doubtful that he did not publish this achievement in the journal of electronic engineering and automatic control, but published it in the journal of mathematics. One day in 1960, Kalman visited Stanley Schmidt (1944-), who worked in NASA, and found that his method was very useful for solving the difficult problem of orbit prediction in Apollo program, so he taught it to Schmidt.

        Finally, there is the problem of communication between the earth and the moon.The moon is 380 thousand kilometers away from our earth, nearly 10 times the circumference of the earth. Such long-distance two-way communication has never been carried out by humans before. Will the attenuation of the signal interrupt communication? In addition, it takes more than two seconds for radio waves to travel back and forth between the earth and the moon once. How to eliminate the influence of this delay on control? There are many problems that need to be tested one by one to determine. To this end, the United States launched some spacecraft to test the communication between the earth and the moon. Finally, Motorola provided intercom equipment between the moon and the earth. Unfortunately, this great company no longer exists independently today.

        In the race to the moon, the former Soviet Union was far behind the United States in key technologies except rocket technology.

        Of course, in the end, everything will go back to the rocket, because the total weight of several parts of the whole moon landing spacecraft exceeds 45 tons, which makes the manufacture of large thrust rockets become the bottleneck of the whole plan. Von Braun’s team needs to design a rocket with much larger thrust than Saturn-B. The previous dozens of various launch tests undoubtedly provided rich technical accumulation for their later development of new rockets. In 1967, von Braun’s masterpiece Saturn V was born.

        But in January 1967, Apollo 1 had an accident before it was launched. In a ground test, the oxygen cabin exploded and the spacecraft caught fire, killing all three astronauts. The accident did not shake the determination of Americans, but helped Americans find many problems and make a lot of improvements, from the design of spacecraft to the spacesuit. Some of these improvements benefited the later Apollo 13 and avoided new tragedies. Although the Apollo program was slightly delayed, in November, Apollo IV (to commemorate the three astronauts who died, Apollo 1, 2 and 3 were vacant) was successfully launched, which was the first test of Saturn V rocket. In the following six months, the United States conducted two more experiments and tested all the links needed for landing on the moon in an unmanned state. After half a year’s preparation, from October 1968, the United States began to use manned spacecraft (Apollo VII) for simulation experiments. In just seven months, the United States conducted as many as four experiments, and 12 astronauts went into space. Among them, Apollo 8 manned the lunar orbit for the first time, and three astronauts circled the moon for 10 times. Apollo 10 tested the landing process of the spacecraft to the moon and landed at a height of only 15,000 meters from the surface of the moon, which is only slightly higher than the cruising altitude of commercial aircraft.

        The next task is to land on the moon and let the astronauts set foot on the surface of the moon. For the first trip to the moon, NASA made full preparations. In the early stage, I launched many experiments and tried everything I could think of. The rest is to determine the candidate for the first moon landing mission. After many considerations, Neil A. Armstrong (1930-2012), Edwin E. Aldrin (1930-) and Michael Collins (1930-) were finally determined to perform this historic mission. Of course, to be on the safe side, NASA has also prepared a corresponding backup team. Even after selecting a three-person team, who will set foot on the moon first has become the focus of controversy among several astronauts. In training, Aldrin climbed out of the hatch first, and finally changed to Armstrong, because the design of the hatch was more convenient for him rather than Aldrin going out first. For the inside details of Apollo’s landing on the moon, readers can refer to the book Apollo-Lunar Expedition.

        Soon, a glorious moment in human history came. On July 16, 1969, at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, Armstrong and others boarded the towering Apollo 11 spacecraft and were about to begin the human journey to the moon. The Apollo landing on the moon was televised by the United States to the whole world, and Nixon, then president, watched the live event on TV from the Oval Office of the White House. I think that if every reader can go back to that day, he will definitely sit in front of the TV and watch it. Fortunately, more than 30 years later, in the command room of Kennedy Space Center, I saw the command of Apollo 11 mission and the video of landing on the moon at the simulation site.

        Ok, now please follow me to the command center. At 9: 32 am (Eastern Daylight Time), the rocket launch entered the final countdown. Astronauts and rockets are in good condition. Perhaps out of excitement or nervousness, Armstrong’s heart rate reached 110 beats per minute when the rocket was launched, which had never happened before. On the console, the display screens and lights of various instruments kept flashing, and the timer on the wall began to count down-10, 9, 8…3, 2, 1. At this time, the sound of "emission" sounded in the background. On the big screen, Saturn V ignited successfully, and the orange flame pushed the 110-meter-high behemoth to rise slowly and faster until the rocket disappeared on the screen. On the fourth day, July 19, the rocket entered the lunar orbit; On the fifth day, July 20th, Apollo 11 was ready to land on the moon. The camera switches to the image of Apollo 11 landing on the lunar surface, and there is a camera under the lunar module, which sends the blurred image of the lunar surface back to Earth. I saw the lunar module getting closer and closer to the surface of the moon and finally stopped there. This image can be seen on the website of NASA. After the lunar module landed safely on the surface of the moon, commander Armstrong returned the first words that humans said on the moon: "Houston, this is the Jinghai base. The eagle landed successfully. "

        Next, Armstrong and Aldrin should sleep for five hours according to the pre-set itinerary, because they didn’t sleep much during the flight. But both of them were so excited that no one could sleep. After consulting the headquarters, they set foot on the surface of the moon in advance. On the screen of the control room, Armstrong stepped down from the lunar module and set foot on the moon. His movements were very slow. Because of the long distance and the communication technology is far less developed than today, the images and sounds sent back are intermittent, but Armstrong’s famous words can still be distinguished, "This is one small step for man, but one giant step for mankind." The recording of these seconds can be heard on the Internet.

        

Aldrin is on the surface of the moon.

        More than 600 million viewers around the world watched the first human step on the moon on TV. Armstrong and Aldrin put some experimental instruments on the surface of the moon and collected more than 20 kilograms of lunar rock samples. The two of them stayed on the moon for about two and a half hours, and then went back to the lunar module to sleep. Although Aldrin accidentally broke the ignition switch of the return rocket, it was near miss. They turned on the switch with a pen, and the rocket sent them to the lunar orbit to rendezvous with the control/service module, and then returned to Earth. On July 24th, the command module carrying three astronauts fell into the Pacific Ocean. The whole process from launch to safe landing on the earth’s surface is about eight days and three hours.

        

Armstrong and other three astronauts spent more than ten days in the isolation cabin after returning from the moon. At that time, American President Nixon visited them in the isolation cabin at the first time and congratulated them through the glass window.

        The success of Apollo’s landing on the moon is a victory for all mankind. As many as 400,000 people directly and indirectly participated in the Apollo program (Nixon’s original words). They came from different countries in the world, including many Chinese scientists. How much contribution did von Braun make in the Apollo program? NASA commented on him like this: "There is no doubt that he is the greatest rocket scientist in history. His greatest achievement was that when he was the director of the Marshall Space Flight Center of NASA, he presided over the research and development of Saturn V and successfully achieved the great cause of human landing on the moon for the first time in July 1969. " It can be said that there would be no Saturn V without von Braun. Although humans can finally land on the moon, it will not be within the time limit set by Kennedy-the 1960s.

        On January 12th, 1966, korolev died of a surgical operation at the age of 59. It’s a pity that he didn’t see the successful docking of his designed spacecraft Soyuz and Salute-he had been buried underground for more than four years.

        Vasily Mishin (1917-2001), korolev’s successor, did not have the influence and courage of korolev. Although he completed the development of the N1 rocket under very difficult circumstances, the rocket failed in all directions. Coupled with the constant space accidents, especially the death of astronauts, the Soviet Union’s moon landing plan failed as a whole and was finally abandoned.

        In the end, Americans successfully landed on the moon many times, but the former Soviet Union did not once. The fundamental reason for this is not that korolev’s ability is not good, but that the former Soviet Union lost in its comprehensive national strength.

        Without his opponent, von Braun continues to devote himself to the space industry. After Apollo 11, the United States successfully landed on the moon five times, completing a feat in human history. In 1972, after achieving the expected goal, the United States terminated the Apollo program and developed a reusable space vehicle, the space shuttle. Five years after the last Apollo spacecraft landed on the moon, von Braun also came to the end of his life. In 1977, he died of cancer. Shortly before his death, he won the National Science Award, the highest award in American science and technology, but he was unable to go to the White House to receive the award.

(This article is taken from the second volume of Light of Civilization, written by Wu Jun, People’s Posts and Telecommunications Publishing House, 2014). )

        

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Ministry of Transport: Four measures to prevent and control the epidemic situation in Spring Festival travel rush and provide services.

  People’s Daily Online, Beijing, January 30 (Reporter Lu Jing) On January 30, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference. Han Jinghua, Deputy Director of the Transport Services Department of the Ministry of Transport, attended the conference and answered questions from reporters.

  This year, the passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush has increased substantially. How can the Ministry of Transport do a good job in epidemic prevention and control and service? Han Jinghua introduced that there are four specific measures as follows:

  The first is to formulate and implement epidemic prevention guidelines and refine the prevention and control measures of epidemic situation. According to the requirements of "Class B Management" and the characteristics of passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush, the epidemic prevention and control guidelines for comprehensive transportation in Spring Festival travel rush and Covid-19 were formulated, and 14 epidemic prevention measures were defined in four aspects: disinfection and ventilation of stations and means of transport, protection of employees, publicity and guidance, and emergency response. Strengthen dispatch and supervision, guide all localities to strictly implement the requirements of the guidelines, disinfect and ventilate the passenger contact areas, facilities, equipment and means of transportation in the station, strengthen the health monitoring and protection of employees, and stop operations as soon as symptoms appear to ensure the safety of transportation and epidemic prevention.

  The second is to optimize transportation service measures to minimize the risk of infection. Actively provide non-contact services such as online ticket purchase, e-ticket and self-service ticket inspection to reduce unnecessary personnel contact. Strengthen the passenger flow organization of passenger stations, guide the public to queue up in an orderly manner, disperse and wait for passengers, and reduce the concentration of people. Increase the input of transportation capacity during peak hours, operate "point-to-point" chartered cars and increase night buses according to the needs of the masses, strengthen the connection between different modes of transportation, improve the transportation service capacity, and reduce the gathering of people and long waiting. At the same time, some key passenger stations have also prepared necessary epidemic prevention materials such as antipyretics and thermometers to deal with emergencies.

  The third is to organize supervision and inspection and implement the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control. In order to implement the epidemic prevention measures of transportation, transportation departments at all levels have carried out various forms of comprehensive and special inspections. Before the Spring Festival, the Ministry of Transport, together with relevant departments, went to 13 provinces to carry out supervision and inspection, and urged transport operators to strictly implement epidemic prevention and control measures such as disinfection and ventilation of passenger stations and vehicles, transportation organization and personnel protection, and resolutely guard against the spread of the epidemic through transportation.

  The fourth is to strengthen epidemic prevention propaganda and guide the masses to travel rationally at the wrong peak. Make full use of service guarantee windows such as "cars, boats, airplanes, roads, ports and stations" and media channels such as television, radio and internet, strengthen epidemic prevention propaganda, release travel information in time, guide the public to travel rationally and avoid peaks, remind passengers to avoid taking public transport when they are sick, wear masks regularly throughout the trip, actively reduce gathering, and be the first person responsible for their own health.

  In addition, Han Jinghua stressed that at present, it is at the peak of returning after the holiday, reminding the majority of passengers that in order to be safe and healthy, they should wear masks all the way in the process of entering and leaving the passenger station and taking public transportation, and work together to prevent and control the traffic epidemic.

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Foreign trade "new three" continues to be hot, industrial upgrading tamps down the cornerstone of development

  Since the beginning of this year, with the combination of macro-control policies, the main economic indicators have stabilized and rebounded obviously. During this period, relying on the strong industrial chain supply chain production advantages and super-large-scale market advantages, some emerging fields have made eye-catching development performance. From now on, People’s Daily launched a series of reports on "Where did the economic highlights come from?".

Domestic new energy vehicles are loaded and exported at Nansha automobile port. Photo courtesy of Guangzhou Port Group

  Domestic new energy vehicles are loaded and exported at Nansha automobile port. Photo courtesy of Guangzhou Port Group

  In November, in Nansha Seaport, Guangzhou, with dense routes, brand-new domestic new energy vehicles were driven to the loading and unloading area at the front of the terminal in an orderly manner and sent to overseas markets such as Southeast Asia by foreign trade ro-ro ships. After packing in Dongguan, batches of lithium battery packs set off on the whistle of the China-Europe train and rushed to the "Belt and Road" country … …

  Since the beginning of this year, the export of "new three" products such as electric manned vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar cells has maintained a rapid growth momentum. In the first three quarters, the total export of "new three samples" increased by 41.7% year-on-year, accounting for 1.3 percentage points of China’s export. At the 134th Canton Fair held not long ago, the scale of new energy exhibition area increased by 172% compared with the previous one, which further helped the export of "new three products" and promoted the development of emerging advantageous industries.

  Foreign trade is an important window to observe a country’s economy. From "Made in China" to "Made in China", and from "old three kinds" to "new three kinds", the upgrading trend of China’s foreign trade export products is becoming more and more obvious, which is not only the embodiment of the continuous optimization of foreign trade structure, but also the true portrayal of new kinetic energy promoting high-quality economic development.

  Why have the "new three kinds" of foreign trade become hot in recent two years? Experts said that this is not an accident, but the harvest of China’s comprehensive layout and deep cultivation in related industries for many years.

  Xu Haidong, deputy chief engineer of China Automobile Industry Association, pointed out that in recent years, China has led the green and low-carbon transformation, applied the latest iterative technology and continuously improved its research and development capabilities. The "new three samples" export has produced excellent report cards, which fully reflects the technological innovation advantages brought by China’s increasingly complete industrial chain.

  A complete industrial chain supply chain system is a solid cornerstone of industrial development.

  In the Yangtze River Delta region of China, through the coordinated development of industrial clusters, a new energy automobile factory can solve the supply of necessary supporting parts within four hours’ drive, forming a "four-hour industrial circle" that embodies the characteristics of modern industrial system. At present, China’s green and low-carbon transportation system has been accelerated, and more than half of the world’s new energy vehicles are driving in China, ranking first in the world in production and sales for eight consecutive years. The continuous and complete industrial chain has provided a solid and powerful support for the new energy automobile industry to maintain its leading development momentum.

  In the view of Liu Wenqiang, Party Secretary and Vice President of China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute, the main supporting factor behind the high growth of "new three kinds" exports is the industrial competitiveness precipitated by China’s manufacturing industry for many years. "China’s manufacturing system is constantly improving, technological innovation is constantly improving, manufacturing capacity is outstanding, and the industrial chain is complete and resilient, which all have certain leading advantages in the world." Liu Wenqiang said.

  Taking the photovoltaic industry as an example, in recent years, China’s photovoltaic industry has formed the most complete industrial supporting environment and supply chain system in the world, from upstream silicon material technology research and development, midstream component manufacturing and downstream power station development, with a total industrial output value exceeding 1.2 trillion yuan.

  In the first three quarters of this year, the photovoltaic industry continued to achieve rapid development. From the manufacturing side, the output of polysilicon, silicon wafers, battery chips, components and other major manufacturing links increased by over 70% year-on-year; From the perspective of import and export, the export volume of silicon wafers, batteries and components increased by 88.3%, 74.3% and 33% respectively.

  The leading momentum is hard-won. Experts pointed out that we still have to make a lot of "hard work" to maintain the vitality and advantages of the new kinetic energy of the industry for a long time.

  On September 5, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology put forward various measures to promote China’s industrial enterprises to adhere to innovation and promote system upgrading at the "press conference on the theme of steady industrial growth" — —

  Strengthen quality brand building, promote supply-side innovation, and create demand with high-quality supply; Strengthen the overall planning of the "14 th Five-Year Plan" in the field of industry and information technology, and promote industrial investment funds to increase investment in manufacturing; Continue to do a good job in China’s industrial transfer and development docking activities, and promote qualified projects to be put into production as soon as possible to achieve results; Guide enterprises to expand the international market according to local conditions, and further tap the export potential while consolidating the export of key industrial products.

  "I believe that with the continuous implementation of the above-mentioned series of effective measures, ‘ Three new samples ’ The new kinetic energy of the industry that leads will surely explode with greater development vitality. " Xu Haidong believes that the export growth of the "new three products" is expected to continue in the future: from the outside, the global attention to new energy and green low-carbon development is gradually increasing, and the international market demand for "new three products" is still very strong; Domestically, supported by the advantages of industrial chain and policy environment, the supply of "new three kinds" products still has great advantages on a global scale.

  Liu Wenqiang said that enterprises should persist in innovation and continuously improve their technical content and product quality, so as to actively adapt to the external environment, cope with risk challenges and further release new industrial kinetic energy. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the layout of basic forward-looking technologies and explore new innovation models. Encourage the "chain owner" enterprises in the industrial chain to take the lead, unite upstream and downstream partners, universities and research institutions to build an innovation platform, and focus on tackling common key technical problems; On the other hand, it is necessary to optimize the allocation of resource elements, guide the coordinated development of industrial clusters, coordinate the differentiated and characteristic layout as a whole, and promote the upgrading and efficiency of industries.

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Enterprise’s Character: An Analysis of Ruixun’s Financial Fraud from the Perspective of ESG

  On February 1st, 2020, Muddy Waters Research published an 89-page research report, pointing out that Luckin Coffee (hereinafter referred to as "Ruixing"), a Chinese stock company listed on Nasdaq, was fabricating its financial and operational data, saying that "in the third quarter of 2019 and the fourth quarter of 2019, the daily consumption of goods in each store was exaggerated by at least 69% and 88% respectively". On April 2, Ruixing admitted that the fictitious transaction amount was about 2.2 billion yuan, and then its share price plummeted by 80%, and trading was suspended several times during the session. On April 3rd, China Securities Regulatory Commission issued an announcement strongly condemning the financial fraud of Ruixing, saying that it would strictly follow the relevant arrangements of international securities regulatory cooperation, check the relevant situation according to law, resolutely crack down on securities fraud and effectively protect the rights and interests of investors.


  As the old saying goes, "If you don’t keep your word, you won’t stand". The Ruixing incident has had a very serious negative impact on the international reputation of China enterprises, and some investors even have a natural sense of rejection of China Stock Exchange, indirectly contributing to the phenomenon that "bad money drives out good money" in the market recently, affecting employees, supply chains, customers and other stakeholders. From the perspective of ESG, this paper will analyze the various contents of "Ruixing Incident" in detail, and provide warning and reference for regulators, enterprises and investors.


  First, the background of the "Luckin Coffee" financial fraud incident


  (A) the seriousness and negative impact of the Ruixing incident


  1. The credibility of enterprise data in China was questioned.


  The seriousness of financial information fraud is self-evident. This time, Luckin Coffee directly thundered in the US financial market, crushing the international reputation accumulated by China Stock Exchange in one fell swoop and igniting the trust crisis of China enterprises. In the eyes of more overseas investors, they may not know that Ruixing is a case, nor do they know the industry in which Ruixing is located and the business model adopted, but they will stick to the stereotype that this is a China enterprise and a China enterprise with financial fraud as high as 2.2 billion yuan. So how can we judge whether the data of other China enterprises are equally doubtful?


  Based on the principle of information asymmetry, foreign investors will not have a natural trust in China Stock Exchange. On the contrary, China enterprises have to make great efforts to win the favor of investors bit by bit through long-term stable performance level and good corporate governance mechanism. However, Luckin Coffee unscrupulously fabricated a huge transaction amount of up to 2.2 billion yuan, ignoring the law and discipline, and directly sent an extremely negative signal: the credibility of data is insufficient. From good to good, from evil to collapse. The far-reaching impact of "Ruixun Incident" can never be remedied overnight, and the difficulties of China Stock Exchange will only worsen. Even if high-quality enterprises take out powerful third-party forensic materials to endorse and try to prove the authenticity, integrity and effectiveness of their own data, they still need to face the trust stain of "Ruixun Incident".


  At the same time, among the top ten institutional shareholders of Ruixing, there are many famous investment institutions such as Bank of America, UBS and Melvin Capital Management Company. Among the funds with heavy positions in Luckin Coffee, there are also internationally renowned asset management companies such as American Funds and BlackRock. The occurrence of this "Ruixing incident" will seriously affect the trust of investors in top asset management institutions in China’s corporate data, leading to incalculable consequences.


  2. Directly infringe upon the basic rights and interests of stakeholders.


  First, it will directly infringe on the basic rights and interests of employees and consumers. By December 31, 2019, there were 4,507 directly operated stores in Luckin Coffee with tens of thousands of employees. The follow-up progress of the "Ruixing incident" is not optimistic. If it really involves delisting, insolvency or even bankruptcy liquidation, employees will be forced to bear the risk of unemployment at first, and consumers who have prepaid money (such as recharging) will find it more difficult to recover losses. In addition, on the moral and emotional level, Ruixing directly trampled on the trust of employees and consumers, causing bad social impact.


  Second, it will endanger the basic rights and interests of investors. Wind data shows that by the end of 2019, there were 158 institutional investors holding Luckin Coffee shares, with a total of 460 million shares, accounting for 23.93% of institutional shares. At the same time, as shown in Table 1, as of April 8, 2020, the total market value of Ruixing has shrunk from 66 billion yuan at the end of 2019 to 7.84 billion yuan, a cliff-like decrease of 88.12%; The market value of circulation fell to 3 billion yuan, less than one-third of the end of 2019.


企业的品格:从ESG角度分析瑞幸财务造假事件


  Third, the corresponding supply chain enterprises will be hit hard. Luckin Coffee’s supply chain includes Ruixing Baking (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., which was established in May 2019 with a registered capital of 200 million yuan, Swiss coffee maker Shelley and franca, syrup supplier Fabry, dairy supplier Fonterra, coffee raw bean trader Mitsui Products and baking factory Taiwan Province Yuanyou, and Louis Dafu, one of the four major grain merchants. There are a lot of payables in the transaction between suppliers and Ruixing. Judging from the sales scale and the number of stores in Luckin Coffee, there is a risk that the payment cannot be settled in time and comprehensively. "Ruixing incident" not only affects the construction of good supply chain relations, but also directly brings huge financial risks to suppliers. Once Ruixun’s financial fraud event turns into a debt crisis, it will be difficult for suppliers to directly circulate customized equipment and goods in the market (such as Ruixun’s customized coffee machine and product packaging, etc.), which may involve huge economic losses.


  (B) the basic logic of financial fraud in the Ruixing incident


  1. Ruixun’s information disclosure is seriously distorted, and the financial audit mechanism fails.


  From the second quarter to the fourth quarter of 2019, Ruixing executives and some employees forged transactions worth about 2.2 billion yuan. As of April 8, 2020, according to the quarterly financial information of Ruixun in Wind database, the total operating income of Ruixun in the second and third quarters of 2019 was 910 million yuan and 1.54 billion yuan respectively, and the financial report in the fourth quarter has not been released. The market expects the revenue in the fourth quarter of 2019 to be between 2.1 billion and 2.2 billion yuan. Therefore, the proportion of financial fraud is conservatively estimated to be as high as 48.35%.


  Ruixun’s financial fraud method is still in the investigation stage, but according to the five conclusive evidences and six dangerous signals listed in the "fraud" section of the Muddy Water Report, Ruixun’s financial fraud methods may include, but are not limited to: increasing the pick-up number out of thin air by means of "jumping the number of the pick-up code" and blocking the direct correlation between the pick-up code and the daily order volume, thus increasing the online order volume by 72%; Providing free beverage coupons to existing users to invisibly increase the promotion, while falsely claiming that the proportion of free items continues to decline, and the actual sales price has increased by 9% (accounting for the proportion of listed prices); In the third quarter of 2019, the advertising expenditure was exaggerated by 336 million yuan, and there is reason to suspect that it was used for fraudulent income and forged store profits. Ruixing’s financial information disclosure is seriously distorted, and it is difficult to identify it through standardized audit processes and means. Specifically, Muddy Waters Company used a total of 1,510 employees, including 92 full-time employees and 1,418 part-time employees, to visit 981 stores in Luckin Coffee, collect a total of 25,843 shopping receipts, and shoot 11,260 hours of store videos. The time and economic costs are huge, which can never be completed by the basic financial audit mechanism.


  At present, there is no conclusion as to whether Ernst & Young Huaming Certified Public Accountants, which issued the audit report for Ruixing, should bear the responsibility. However, even if the accounting firm has indeed properly fulfilled its expert obligations, the occurrence of the "Ruixing incident" has revealed the natural shortcomings of financial auditing in the face of human fraud and fraud.


  2. Ruixun’s internal control has failed and there are major defects.


  Luckin Coffee’s 2019 prospectus (Form F-1 of the US Securities and Exchange Commission) shows that the audit results of the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2018 show that Rui survived two "major defects" in financial and internal control. According to the definition of the standards formulated by the Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) of listed companies in the United States, "material defect" refers to a defect or combination of defects in the internal control of financial reports, and there is the possibility that the material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements has not been reasonably and timely prevented or discovered. Ruixing disclosed that it lacked sufficient accounting and financial reporting personnel, necessary knowledge and experience in applying US GAAP and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and financial reporting procedures that met US GAAP and the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).


  Ruixing is a listed Chinese stock company in the United States, which is bound by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Article 404 clearly requires the management to undertake the responsibility of establishing and maintaining a proper internal control structure, and requires listed companies to provide internal control reports and internal control evaluation reports in their annual reports. At present, Ruixing has not disclosed the 2019 financial report and internal control report, but the latest information still cannot confirm that the effectiveness of its internal control has been convincingly improved.


  3. Ruixun’s "investor protection" system is lacking.


  The way of stock pledge financing is to use the securities held as collateral to obtain loans, without the need for management to sell shares directly. However, when the value of pledged shares falls, the lending institution has the right to ask the borrower to provide more cash or collateral, and may ask for compulsory liquidation when the borrower fails to perform. In the face of financial risks, large-scale stock pledge will cause the stock price of the corresponding securities to plummet, which will harm the remaining investors in the market and form a negative cycle, so it is a key negative danger signal for investors. The research report of Muddy Waters shows that the management of Ruixun has mortgaged nearly 50% of its shares as loan collateral (61 million ADS), accounting for 24% of the total shares of Ruixun, even exceeding the total shares (51 million ADS) placed by Ruixun in May 2019 and January 2020, so investors will face serious financial risks.


  Second, the ESG performance level of Luckin Coffee


  (1) Environment (e)


  Ruixing is a new retail professional coffee operator who mainly sells coffee and related drinks, so its production and business operation objects mainly include the whole process of sales and service of coffee drinks. According to the data of American Professional Coffee Association (SCAA), the water polluted by wastewater in the process of coffee water grinding is 40 times as much as that wasted by urban sewers on average. Ruixing has not released a separate social responsibility report, nor has it disclosed its own treatment and recycling methods of sewage and wastewater on the official website. At the same time, the product packaging of coffee catering service industry is also polluted and wasted. As a new retail coffee operator, Ruixing’s take-away service involves more packaging materials than the average catering service. Even if environmental protection kraft paper packaging bags are used, coffee cups still have problems such as degradation and difficulty in direct recycling. At present, there is no direct evidence that it has been punished by the environmental protection department, but the lack of information about the environmental level of Ruixing makes it impossible to carry out relevant environmental assessment, and the real situation is in doubt.


  (2) society (s)


  One of the most important points in Ruixun’s business model and brand proposition is to change the coffee consumption experience with the new retail model. Therefore, Ruixun believes in standardized processes and operating mechanisms more than paying attention to the practical needs of employees, uniting corporate cohesion and shaping common values. Ruixing does not encourage or advocate the communication between employees and customers, but only provides the online purchase method of ordering. With fully automatic coffee machine, each order must be completed within 2 minutes, and the completion process of each preset program needs to be supervised by a special person in the monitoring center. Any illegal operation and delay in operation time will be reflected in the performance evaluation process linked to salary and counted by the digital management system. At the same time, even a number of stores will be arranged in the same community, and there is a competitive situation. On the whole, Ruixun’s social development is not sustainable, and its employees have no sense of belonging and consumers’ loyalty is low, which is directly reflected in the fact that Ruixun still needs to take great efforts to promote sales.


  (C) Corporate Governance (G)


  In terms of organizational structure, Luckin Coffee and Chairman CAR Inc. are both Lu Zhengyao, and its subsidiary, Hydrogen Dynamics Yiwei, reached a strategic cooperation with Luckin Coffee in all-media integration in 2018, involving significant related party transactions. According to the news of Bloomberg on the evening of April 6, Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, a professional class action service agency, announced that it had filed a class action lawsuit against Ruixing and its senior management on behalf of investors, aiming to demand the defendant to compensate for the alleged violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. At the same time, the fourth paragraph of Article 2 of the new Securities Law, which came into effect on March 1, 2020, clearly requires that "securities issuance and trading activities outside People’s Republic of China (PRC) disrupt the market order in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and damage the legitimate rights and interests of domestic investors, they shall be dealt with and investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law", and a serious condemnation announcement will be issued for the Ruixing incident, which will resolutely crack down on fraud. Ruixing’s corporate management is bad, its internal control is seriously flawed, and its information disclosure is seriously distorted. The financial fraud of senior executives has involved criminal responsibility including fraud, and it will directly face the early warning risk of delisting.


  Third, the ESG logic behind the Ruixing incident


  (A) the relevance of ESG and financial performance


  ESG integrates environmental, social and governance factors, which can comprehensively reflect the non-financial performance of enterprises and evaluate the long-term sustainable development ability of enterprises. A large number of domestic and foreign literature studies have shown that ESG is related to company valuation, stock returns, financing costs and other factors related to company quality. Cohen et al. (1997) compared the environmental performance and financial performance of manufacturing companies in the S&P500 index, and found that the environmental performance is positively correlated with the intangible assets value of listed companies. This study shows that good environmental performance can increase the valuation of intangible assets of listed companies. In addition to a single environmental factor, Brammer & Millington(2008) discussed the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (), and found that in the short term, companies with poor CSP performance have better financial performance; But in the long run, companies with good CSP performance have better financial performance.


  In 2018, the Green Finance International Research Institute of Central University of Finance and Economics published two research results, namely, Research on the Correlation between ESG Performance of Listed Companies in China and Corporate Performance, and Research on the Correlation between ESG Performance of Listed Companies in China and Corporate Default Risk, which is also one of the important achievements of the China-UK Green Finance Working Group. It is found that ESG performance in manufacturing industry is positively correlated with the company’s P/B ratio and P/E ratio, while ESG performance is negatively correlated with stock risk, which is particularly significant in manufacturing industry. In terms of ESG and bond default rate, it is found that the higher the ESG level, the lower the probability of corporate bond default or downgrade, and the higher the ESG level, the higher the corporate bond yield.


  At the same time, some scholars suggest that ESG performance has a negative correlation with the company’s downside risks. Koehler and Hespenheide(2013) believe that ESG problems will lead to corporate crises, and those companies that are clearly prepared to deal with ESG shocks can better mitigate short-term and long-term downside risks. Hoepner et al. (2018) found that ESG problems can benefit shareholders by reducing the company’s downside risks.


  (B) ESG is a key indicator to measure the credit quality of enterprises.


  If the financial report maps the current credit ability of the enterprise, then ESG can represent the long-term credit quality of the enterprise. Behind Ruixing’s financial fraud is the lack of ESG performance, which implies the moral responsibility of enterprises. In the case of frequent financial information distortion and financial report fraud, ESG information, as the key motivation information hidden behind the financial performance of enterprises, can make up for the lack of financial indicators and provide investors with evaluation methods and indicators to further understand the overall situation of the company.


  From the specific indicators, environmental indicators can evaluate the green development, environmental compliance and green degree of the whole life cycle of enterprises, which can comprehensively measure the environmental risk and green sustainable development ability of enterprises; Social indicators evaluate the performance of enterprises in public welfare activities and stakeholder protection, measure the degree of responsibility of enterprises from the perspective of stakeholders, and show the operational ability of enterprises from the side; Governance indicators evaluate the organizational structure, investor relations, information transparency, risk management, etc., and carefully consider the corporate governance capacity and long-term sustainable development capacity.


  Fourth, the reference and enlightenment significance of Ruixing incident


  (1) Regulatory body: Establish and improve the ESG information disclosure and verification system of enterprises.


  Basically, in this Ruixun incident, the regulatory authorities need to speed up the construction of ESG information disclosure system, and gradually establish and improve the corresponding auditing system and supporting mechanism. By requiring and guiding enterprises to disclose ESG information, we can help enterprises improve their credit quality and improve the overall quality of Chinese enterprises. At present, there is still a certain gap between the A-share market and the US stock market in the development of ESG information disclosure, and ESG information disclosure has not been completely enforced, which lacks standardization for the performance of listed companies in non-financial indicators. At the same time, although China’s regulatory authorities have increased the regulatory penalties for listed companies in terms of environment and governance in recent years, overall, the cost of violating laws and regulations of enterprises is still lower than that of the US stock market, and the strong binding nature of enterprises’ supervision needs to be further improved.


  In addition, the regulatory authorities should gradually reduce the regulatory barriers in domestic and foreign markets, strengthen the control and supervision of the quality of China Stock Exchange, and strengthen domestic penalties for overseas violations. The new Securities Law, which came into effect on March 1 this year, clearly states that securities issuance and trading activities outside People’s Republic of China (PRC) disrupt the market order in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and damage the legitimate rights and interests of domestic investors, and shall be dealt with and investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law. Regarding the Ruixun incident, the statement of China Securities Regulatory Commission on April 3 also stated that the China Securities Regulatory Commission will check the relevant situation in accordance with the relevant arrangements of international securities regulatory cooperation, resolutely crack down on securities fraud and effectively protect the rights and interests of investors.


  (2) Enterprise: issue an ESG consulting rating report reviewed by a third party.


  From the perspective of enterprises, on the one hand, enterprises need to raise awareness of ESG information disclosure and strengthen their own ESG capacity building. Behind the events such as Ruixing in China Stock Exchange, Kangmei and Kangdexin in A-share, the ESG problem of enterprises has been exposed. Only by solving the bad habits of enterprises from the root and improving their credit quality can we avoid the recurrence of such events. On the other hand, enterprises should issue ESG consulting rating reports reviewed by third parties to enhance the credibility of ESG information disclosure data. Enterprises have the motivation to disclose information that is beneficial to them and avoid information that is unfavorable to them, so it is particularly important to issue a credible third-party review of both financial information and ESG information. At the same time, third-party review is also the second constraint on enterprises besides supervision, which can standardize enterprise behavior to a certain extent and enhance the compliance of enterprise information disclosure.


  (C) investors: pay attention to the quality and sustainability of enterprises and avoid speculative business models.


  Investors should also pay more attention to long-term value investment. The strategic mode of short-term investment is short-term and unsustainable. In order to obtain long-term sustainable returns, investors should pay more attention to the internal quality of enterprises and tap the endogenous value of enterprises. By incorporating ESG into the investment strategy, we can not only avoid environmental risks, moral risks and governance risks of enterprises, but also screen out investment targets with strong anti-risk ability and strong self-management ability when systemic risks occur, so as to alleviate the market impact and obtain higher returns. In addition, if more and more investors incorporate ESG information into their investment decisions, they can also close down enterprises to improve ESG performance, thus promoting the high-quality development of the whole market.


  Author:


  Shi Yichen, deputy dean of the International Institute of Green Finance of Central University of Finance and Economics, and dean of the Yangtze River Delta Green Value Investment Institute.


  Yang Chenhui is a researcher at the International Institute of Green Finance of Central University of Finance and Economics, and a researcher at the Yangtze River Delta Green Value Investment Institute.


  Bao Jie is a researcher at the International Institute of Green Finance of Central University of Finance and Economics, and a researcher at the Yangtze River Delta Green Value Investment Institute.


  This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: International Research Institute of Green Finance of Central University of Finance and Economics. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

(Editor: Ma Yan)
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China People’s Insurance Company notified the inspection and rectification, and 156 rectification tasks were basically completed.

  People’s Daily Online, Beijing, April 25 (Xinhua) The website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection today released the Circular of the CPC China PICC Group Committee on Inspection and Rectification. The circular pointed out that in the past two months, the Party Committee of China PICC Group, in the spirit of nailing nails, made every effort to implement various rectification measures item by item against the feedback from the central inspection, and achieved obvious phased results. Up to now, 156 rectification tasks have been basically completed, 195 new rules and regulations have been revised, and 128 people have been held accountable.

  The following is the original text of the notification:

  According to the unified deployment of the central government, from October 30 to December 29, 2015, the 11th Inspection Team of the Central Government conducted a special inspection on China People’s Insurance Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as PICC China). On February 1st, 2016, the 11th Inspection Team of the Central Committee gave feedback to the Party Committee of PICC China. According to the relevant provisions of the "Regulations on Patrol Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC)", the patrol rectification situation is now announced.

  First, unify our thinking, strictly follow the facts, and take patrol rectification as a major political task.

  The Party Committee of the Group regards inspection and rectification as an important opportunity to promote the party building and reform and development of the whole group, deeply reflect on problems, condense consensus on rectification, refine rectification measures, strengthen organizational leadership, and solidly promote inspection and rectification work.

  (A) unite ideological consensus and strengthen organizational leadership.

  On February 2, the Group held an enlarged meeting of the Party Committee to thoroughly study and understand the spirit of the important speech delivered by the Supreme Leader General Secretary when he listened to the report on the third round of special inspections in 2015 on January 28, and carefully studied the feedback from the inspections. Everyone agreed that the special inspections conducted by the 11th Inspection Team of the Central Committee on PICC China were accurate, insightful and thorough, which was a comprehensive physical examination of the Party Committee’s management of the party. Through study and discussion, the comrades of the Party Committee formed a "three-point consensus": First, as a strict political patrol, the problems pointed out by the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work are, in the final analysis, that the Party Committee of the Group does not have a deep understanding of the comprehensive and strict management of the Party, and that it is lax in managing the Party, taking the main responsibility and fulfilling the "one post and two responsibilities" is not in place. The rectification work must work hard to give play to the leading core role of the Party Committee of the Group. Second, China PICC Group is a financial enterprise under the central management. It should have high standards and strict requirements in comprehensively and strictly administering the Party, have a sense of "keeping pace", focus on strengthening political awareness, overall awareness and sense of responsibility, and unconditionally rectify the problems pointed out by the inspection without emphasizing objectivity. Third, the key to strictly administering the party in an all-round way is to be strict, and the core is to be governed. The rectification work should dare to expose shortcomings and expose ugliness, dare to dig deep and examine them carefully, and dare to be real and hard. Starting with the rectification of the problems pointed out by the patrol, we will push forward the rectification work of the "2016 Comprehensive Rectification Year", give full play to the positive energy of the patrol work, and promote reform and innovation through patrol rectification.Promote the sustainable and healthy development of the Group.

  The Party Committee of the Group decided to take the inspection and rectification work as a concentrated practice to fulfill "one post and two responsibilities". The Party Committee is the leading organization for inspection and rectification work, and each Party Committee member is mainly responsible for the rectification work in the field in charge. A patrol and rectification coordination group was set up, with Party Secretary Wu Yan as the team leader and Discipline Inspection Commission Secretary Zhuang Chaoying as the deputy team leader, and all subsidiaries also set up corresponding institutions as required. Comrade Wu Yan, secretary of the Party Committee, took the lead in setting an example. He interviewed 45 members of the Party Committee, the head of the headquarters department and the members of the subsidiary party Committee, and talked about how to implement "one post and two responsibilities", enhance party constitution’s awareness, and do a good job in inspection and rectification. Members of the Party Committee earnestly performed "one post and two responsibilities", took their seats accordingly, and held several special meetings of the departments in charge to specifically study the rectification work in the areas in charge. During the inspection and inspection and rectification, the Group held three special democratic life meetings of Party committees, 13 party committees, 10 disciplinary committees and 6 inspection and rectification coordination promotion meetings to study and deploy inspection and rectification work and ensure the orderly progress of inspection and rectification.

  (B) adhere to the problem-oriented and strict process control.

  The Party Committee of the Group detailed and decomposed 30 rectification tasks of the Group headquarters and 126 rectification tasks of eight subsidiaries one by one according to the feedback, forming a "three lists" of problems, tasks and responsibilities. On February 4th, the Party Committee of the Group issued the "Rectification Plan for Feedback from the Party Committee of China People’s Insurance Group on Special Inspection by the 11th Inspection Team of the Central Committee". The Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Group divided and deployed 208 letters and visits handed over by the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work to subsidiaries according to the management authority of cadres, and led by three Party committee members to form three verification teams, which went to the headquarters of relevant subsidiaries to carry out verification work. On March 11th, the Party Committee of the Group issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Inspection and Rectification Work again, demanding to thoroughly understand the spirit of inspection feedback and further strengthen the accountability and correction of inspection and rectification work. The patrol rectification coordination group holds regular meetings every week to coordinate and promote various rectification work. The Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Group keeps a close eye on every specific issue and goes all out to do a good job in taking the lead, supervising and coordinating, and checking and handling cases. The Office of the Coordination Group for Inspection and Rectification will follow up and implement the specific problems item by item, compile six issues of Special Inspection and Rectification work briefing, and issue it to the whole system to supervise and guide the inspection and rectification work. For some common problems in the disposal of over-standard vehicles and the verification of letters and visits, the Group defined the standards in a unified way, defined the disposal methods, and put them into practice from the headquarters to the branches, thus ensuring the unified and standardized rectification measures of the whole system and promoting the solid and strict inspection and rectification.

  (3) Pay attention to the analogy and promote both the symptoms and the root causes.

  The patrol rectification work is not only in the right place, but also pays attention to the rectification of problems pointed out by feedback; We also pay attention to digging deep into the root causes and rectifying the crux of the problem. Efforts have been made to grasp the "five combinations": First, the headquarters rectification is combined with the overall promotion of the system. The focus of rectification is on the headquarters of the Group and its subsidiaries, and some specific problems also involve the branches of the system. The Party Committee of the Group has made unified arrangements for the rectification work, linked up and down, and treated both the symptoms and the root causes, forming an overall effect. The second is the combination of highlighting key points and comprehensive rectification. The Party Committee of the Group has designated 2016 as the "year of comprehensive rectification", and comprehensively rectified the problems found by the central inspection, national audit and the "four winds" rectification deployed by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. The patrol rectification has established 6 key sectors and 3 key areas. For six key sectors, such as party building and organization personnel, discipline inspection and supervision, "three majors and one big", investment decision-making, agricultural insurance, and "four winds", the work plan was refined respectively to promote systematic rectification; In view of the inspection, it was pointed out that the specific problems involved three key subsidiaries, and supervision and guidance were strengthened. At the same time, the patrol rectification was combined with the audit rectification and the rectification of the "four winds" problem, and a joint coordination meeting was held to make unified arrangements and supervise the rectification. All the 128 rectification tasks pointed out by the national audit were completed, and the "four winds" problem was rectified.Looking back "to complete the self-examination. Drive comprehensive rectification with patrol rectification, and consolidate the results of patrol rectification with comprehensive rectification. The third is to adhere to the combination of correcting specific problems and establishing rules and regulations. While doing a good job in the implementation of 156 inspection and rectification tasks, the Group and the party committees of its subsidiaries formulated 195 revised rules and regulations around party building, "three majors and one big one", selection and employment, and accountability. Fourth, adhere to the combination of case warning education and typical positive propaganda. The Group has successively forwarded three batches of 38 typical cases issued by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, made the first batch of centralized notification on 24 typical cases investigated and dealt with by this system that violated the spirit of the eight central regulations and organizational discipline, and made the second batch of centralized notification on 8 typical cases investigated and dealt with recently. At the same time, pay attention to the leading role of positive models, and set up two models: the Party Committee of PICC P&C Zhejiang Branch strengthens the main responsibility and the Disciplinary Committee of Hunan Branch strengthens the supervision responsibility, which provides a benchmark for the implementation and rectification of the "two responsibility" in the whole system. Fifth, adhere to the combination of surface rectification and extension and deepening. In accordance with the principle that everything is settled and everything is echoed, while completing the "specified tasks" of patrol rectification, we should pay attention to forcing reform through rectification, intensify the integration construction of the Group, promote product, service and management innovation, and promote the extension and deepening of patrol rectification.

  Second, focus on the problem, treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and do our best to rectify the feedback from the central inspection.

  In the past two months, in the spirit of nailing, the Party Committee of China PICC Group has made every effort to implement various rectification measures by comparing the feedback from the central inspection item by item, and achieved obvious phased results. Up to now, 156 rectification tasks have been basically completed, 195 new rules and regulations have been revised, and 128 people have been held accountable.

  (a) on strengthening the core role of the Party Committee, the implementation of the main responsibility of the rectification.

  The Party Committee of PICC Group insists on the rectification work, first of all, we must grasp the core essence of managing the party and the party, shoulder the "hard task" of managing the party and the party, and strive to strengthen the core role of the party Committee’s leadership.

  1. Strictly implement the main responsibility. In view of the problem that the core role of party Committee leadership is not fully played, the party Committee of the group strengthens the implementation of "one post and two responsibilities", compacts the responsibilities at different levels, and strictly pursues the responsibility for the ineffective party building work. First, the party Committee team itself improves its ideological understanding. The Party Committee of the Group focused on the requirements of the central government’s political inspection, made every effort to do a good job in rectification, and the members of the team took their seats to inspect the rectification issues, and held three special democratic life meetings to carry out criticism and self-criticism. The members of the Party Committee insist on putting themselves in, putting their work responsibilities in, and taking the initiative to take responsibility. Second, for the first time, the party Committee of the subsidiary was seriously accountable. On March 24th, the Party Committee of the Group held an enlarged meeting to listen to the review of the party committees of subsidiaries with more problems in the patrol feedback. Three insurance subsidiaries, PICC P&C Insurance, PICC Health Insurance and PICC Life Insurance, deeply reflected on the outstanding problems pointed out by the patrol feedback, such as lax compliance with political discipline, lack of "three majors and one big" system, weakening of grass-roots party organizations, and irregular decision-making procedures for major investments, and made an analysis and inspection. The Party Committee of the Group approved the whole system, educating and alerting party organizations at all levels and leading cadres in party member to truly shoulder the responsibility of managing the party and the party. The third is to carry out the review of party building. The Group has formulated the "Implementation Measures for the Evaluation and Assessment of Party Committee Secretaries of Group Companies Grasping Grassroots Party Building Work", which links the assessment results with the comprehensive assessment and evaluation of party committees and party secretaries, and emphasizes the responsibility of "the first responsible person".Every year, the members of the Party Committee team should report to the Party Committee at the corresponding level on the work of grasping business and party building, and bask in the report card of "one post and two responsibilities". The Party Committee of the Group organized a debriefing evaluation on the work of Party secretaries of eight subsidiaries and executive deputy secretaries of government party committees at the grass-roots level, and listened to the debriefing of party construction of subsidiaries. The Party Committee of the Group organized a debriefing evaluation on the work of the secretary of the Party branch (general party branch) of the headquarters department of the Group. The evaluation results were included in the year-end performance appraisal. The fourth is to sign the responsibility certificate step by step. In accordance with the spirit of the Group’s Guiding Opinions on Implementing the Main Responsibility of Building a Clean and Honest Party Style, the content of the responsibility of strictly administering the Party was enriched and improved. The Party Committee Secretary of the Group and the Party Committee Secretaries of eight subsidiaries signed the Responsibility Certificate for Strictly Administering the Party in an All-round Way, which was systematically decomposed layer by layer, and a total of 5,014 main responsibility certificates were signed. The implementation of "two responsibility" will be included in the Group’s key work in 2016, and the party building work will be included in the 2016 key performance indicators assessment system for the principal responsible persons of subsidiaries.

  2. Improve grassroots party organizations. The Party Committee of the Group has made great efforts to solve the problem that the Party’s leadership lacks organizational support at the grassroots level, and strived to lay a solid foundation for Party building at the grassroots level. First, complete and improve the party committees of provincial branches. In view of the imperfection of some provincial-level institutions of PICC Life Insurance and PICC Health Insurance, in 2015, the Group selected 25 PICC P&C cadres to exchange with PICC Life Insurance and PICC Health Insurance. Nine provincial-level institutions with fewer members of PICC Life Insurance have all been equipped in place; People’s Insurance Company of China (PICC) still lacks a member of the Party Committee in Guangdong and Dalian branches, and is currently in communication and planning to exchange candidates. The second is to promote the full coverage of party organizations at the grassroots level. In view of the large number of branches in districts and counties and the imperfect party organizations, the Interim Provisions on the Construction of Joint Party Branches have been formulated to strengthen the effective coverage of party organizations in four-level institutions through the establishment of joint party branches. At present, the whole system should set up 1490 joint party branches, of which 1432 have been set up and 58 are being set up, and the coverage rate of established joint party branches reaches 96.11%. Organize the development and application of the "Party Building Cloud" platform to build an online community for party member, party workers, grassroots party branches and grassroots party committees to work, learn and communicate. Third, precisely regulate the development of grassroots party member. The Group issued the Notice on Regulating party member’s Development Structure and Perfecting Grassroots Party Organizations, requiring branches at all levels to implement targeted regulation and control on party member’s development, and increase efforts to develop party member in key positions.In 2016 and 2017, we will focus on the development of party member in municipal, district and county institutions, so as to realize the wide coverage of district and county institutions by Party organizations. The fourth is to formulate plans for the construction of grass-roots party organizations. The Group has formulated the "China People’s Insurance Group’s 2016-2018 Plan for Strictly Strengthening the Construction of Grass-roots Party Organizations", which systematically solves the outstanding problems in the construction of grass-roots party organizations from the aspects of improving ideological understanding, improving organizational support, strengthening system construction, strengthening the implementation of responsibilities, and strict assessment and supervision. It is clear that in 2018, the establishment of party committees in prefecture-level institutions will reach 100%, and the establishment of party branches in district and county institutions will reach more than 50%; It is required that 175 prefecture-level institutions with imperfect party committees of PICC Life Insurance should be fully equipped before the end of September 2016, and provincial, prefecture-level branches should study and formulate the working rules of party organizations at the corresponding level before the end of June 2016.

  3. Fully implement the "three majors and one big" decision-making system. The Party Committee of the Group strictly implements the system of "three majors and one big" in the whole system, and strengthens political discipline and rules. The first is to seriously rectify outstanding problems. In view of the problem that PICC P&C Subsidiary failed to issue and implement the Group’s implementation measures on the "three majors and one big" decision-making system in time, the Party Committee of PICC P&C Subsidiary was instructed to reflect deeply. The Party Committee of the company made a review and serious rectification, revised the Decision-making Measures of the Party Committee for Further Implementing the System of "Three Heavies and One Big", the Amount Standard of the Decision-making Items of the Party Committee and the Explanation of the Core Elements of the Meeting of the Party Committee, and further refined the scope standards, decision-making procedures, implementation requirements and supervision and accountability of the "Three Heavies and One Big". Revised the Manual of Power and Responsibility Norms (2016 edition) to further improve the relationship between collective decision-making and authorization management. In view of the problem that the top leaders of some provincial branches are not strict and standardized in complying with the relevant systems of "three majors and one big", the relevant subsidiaries are required to rectify within a time limit. PICC Life Insurance Company has revised the Implementation Measures for the "Triple and Big" Decision of the Party Committee of the Head Office and the Party Committee of the Provincial Branch.The "Measures for the Implementation of the" Three Heavy and One Big "Decision-making" has trained the party committee secretaries at provincial and prefecture levels in the "three heavy and one big" decision-making system and the scope of discussion, added the "three heavy and one big" decision-making information filing module of provincial branches in the OA system, and uploaded the meeting minutes of party committees as the daily management and off-site supervision platform of the head office to promote the standardized operation of the "three heavy and one big" decision-making matters of branches. The second is to continue to rectify universal problems. Before the inspection, the Party Committee of the Group organized all subsidiaries to conduct a comprehensive self-inspection of the implementation of the "three majors and one big" decision-making system. Members of the Party Committee of the Group led eight working groups to conduct spot checks on 22 provincial branches, and found 130 problems in the implementation of the "three majors and one big" decision-making system, put forward 51 rectification opinions, and the provincial branches formulated 206 rectification measures. During the inspection and rectification, focusing on the common problems found in self-inspection and spot checks, the Group continued to follow up and supervise the implementation of rectification in three aspects: system construction, implementation of basic procedures, supervision and accountability, and severely dealt with and notified those who violated discipline.

  4. Make overall plans to promote party building. The Party Committee of the Group firmly established the concept of "doing a good job in Party building is the greatest achievement" and enhanced the consciousness of implementing the main responsibility of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way. First, clearly and regularly study the party building work system. The Party Committee clearly holds a special meeting of the Party Committee at least once a month to study the party building work, and requires the party committees of all subsidiaries to establish a system of special research on the party building work. Party committee secretaries at all levels teach party classes at least once a year. The second is to comprehensively coordinate the party building work. Incorporate the party building work into the Outline of the Group’s "Thirteenth Five-Year Development Plan", and comprehensively coordinate the party building work from four aspects: strengthening the implementation of "one post and two responsibilities", improving the organizational system, institutional system and supervision and evaluation system of party building work. The third is to carry out the education of strictly administering the party. Grasp the learning system of the Central Committee of the Party Committee, formulate and implement the "Learning Plan for the Central Committee of the Party Committee of the Group in 2016", and deploy and study the spirit of the previous central meetings since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the spirit of the series of speeches by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader. Grasping the backbone education, 460 people, including the group headquarters, members of the party committees of subsidiaries, and discipline inspection cadres of provincial branches, have been organized to conduct centralized training on party building and discipline inspection and supervision in enterprises. Grasp the education in party member, plan and promote the "two studies and one work" study and education, and promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party to the grassroots. Grasping the discipline education of employees, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Group has formulated the "Red Line Manual for Integrity", which defines the "red line" in nine aspects.On this basis, guide all subsidiaries to formulate the company’s "red line manual", form a "1+N" series of teaching materials, and carry out discipline education for all employees.

  (two) strict rules and procedures, standardize the rectification of the organization and personnel work.

  On February 23, 2016, the Party Committee of the Group organized a meeting on personnel rectification of the Group, focusing on the whole process of selecting and employing people.

  1 resolutely investigate and deal with illegal employment problems, and seriously organize personnel work discipline. Comprehensive verification, resolutely correct and correct, and seriously investigate the responsibility of relevant personnel. Dismissal and re-arrangement of two relatives of the head of the branch who were promoted in violation of regulations; The labor contract was terminated for one relative transferred in violation of regulations, and one person was reassigned; Of the 19 cadres who were promoted in violation of regulations, one who did not meet the requirements has been dismissed, and the remaining 18 have been evaluated democratically, and will put forward treatment opinions in combination with performance appraisal; Serious accountability was given to those responsible for the appointment and dismissal of cadres by online office countersignature without the study of the party Committee; Of the two cadres who were "promoted with illness", one was given a serious warning and administrative dismissal within the party, and the other was cancelled; Administrative dismissal of one person whose original treatment was not in place. Those responsible for employing people in violation of regulations were investigated for responsibility, and 4 people were given disciplinary sanctions by the party and government.

  2. Standardize the procedures for selecting and employing people and broaden the channels for selecting and employing people. From the first step of selecting and employing people, the Group formulated and promulgated the Detailed Rules for the Brewing of the Proposal for Selecting and Appointing Cadres to standardize the brewing process of the proposal for selecting and appointing cadres and the recommendation motion behavior of leading cadres, especially the "top leaders"; Broaden the horizons of selecting and employing people, formulate and implement the "Implementation Measures for Competitive Posts for Managers in Group Headquarters", and pay attention to selecting and transferring cadres from the grassroots level; The Interim Measures for Employees’ Post Training was issued, and the two-way exchange between the headquarters and subsidiaries of the Group was continued. By improving the openness and transparency of the selection and employment of personnel at the headquarters, the guiding role under the above rate was brought into play.

  3. Strengthen the management of the selection and employment process, and put an end to the phenomenon of "illegal promotion or even promotion of cadres despite illness". Issued the "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Request for Filing of the Selection and Appointment of Leaders of Subsidiaries", which made more detailed audit requirements for leapfrog promotion and exceptional promotion; The "Documentary Essentials of Cadre Selection and Appointment" was formulated, and the qualification conditions, nomination brewing, recommendation, inspection, research decision, publicity, appointment and dismissal of cadres were recorded in the whole process; The detailed rules for the implementation of pre-appointment talks for newly promoted cadres were issued by the group headquarters to strengthen the propaganda of cadre education and supervision policies.

  4. Improve the cadre supervision system and strengthen the supervision of selecting and employing people. The headquarters of the Group has set up a separate cadre supervision office, each subsidiary has set up a cadre supervision office separately or jointly, and the provincial organizations and personnel departments of the three major insurance subsidiaries have set up cadre supervision posts. Deepen the implementation of the Group’s Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Supervision of Cadres, and urge major subsidiaries to formulate the Implementation Measures for the Supervision of the Selection and Appointment of Cadres. The "Ten Must-Check Notice" was issued to clarify the necessary checks and checks in the selection and appointment procedures of cadres, so as to prevent "promotion with illness" and "taking up posts with illness". The Special Inspection Measures for the Selection and Employment of Subsidiaries and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of "One Report and Two Comments" for the Selection and Employment of Subsidiaries were issued to strengthen the penetrating inspection of the selection and employment of institutions at all levels of the system and strengthen the supervision of the selection and employment.

  5. Strictly implement the reporting system for personal matters, in order to solve the problem of "‘ Everything must be nuclear ’ The implementation is not strict. The Group issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Reporting Personal Matters by Leading Cadres in 2016, clarifying that the scope of reporting personal matters is extended to the heads of the headquarters departments of the Group and subsidiaries, the heads of the headquarters departments of provincial institutions, and the personnel above the members of the municipal institutions; Complete the configuration of the report system software and the input and summary equipment of the institutions above the provincial level; Formulated the "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Group’s" All Mention Must Be Checked "to standardize the whole system’s" All Mention Must Be Checked "work. During the inspection, two leading cadres of branches who failed to report personal matters as required were dismissed and dismissed respectively, and were notified on the website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. For the problem that the heads of the headquarters departments of provincial institutions and the members of the municipal institutions failed to "check everything before promotion", the relevant subsidiaries were instructed to carry out supplementary verification of personal matters. In March, the supplementary verification information of personal matters of all 1,552 people was reported to the Cadre Supervision Bureau of the Central Organization Department.

  6. Implement the work of "defining departmental responsibilities, internal organs and staffing" and solve the problem of "overstaffed cadres". Before the end of June, 2016, formulate the Human Resources Plan for the Group Headquarters, revise the Measures for the Management of Sequential Personnel and the Measures for the Management of Professional Sequential Personnel, and clarify the positions of heads of departments and offices at the headquarters. At present, 24 of the 47 cadres who have been checked out by themselves have been digested, and 14 departmental management posts of 7 provincial-level institutions and 9 team members of 4 prefecture-level institutions have not been adjusted. In March 2016, PICC P&C issued a "military order" that was digested before the end of the year. The Notice on Strictly Managing the Positions of Leaders in Subsidiaries was issued, urging subsidiaries to carry out the "three-fixed" work, and requiring subsidiaries with company-level executives to issue the "Regulations on the Management of Senior Management Positions" before the end of April 2016, so as to plug the loopholes in arbitrarily setting job names and company-level executives from the source.

  7. Carry out special work to solve the problem of "rampant nepotism". The headquarters of the Group has been expanded everywhere to find out the position of relatives of leading cadres in the system. According to the unified deployment of the Group, PICC P&C has carried out the second round of thorough investigation, and investigated 233 cases that need to be avoided, and rectified the cases that should be avoided within a time limit; PICC Life Insurance has completely rectified 52 people who violated the avoidance of relatives; Other subsidiaries have also earnestly implemented the rectification requirements. Taking the headquarters of the Group as a pilot, we will establish a commitment mechanism for avoiding employment in recruitment, verify the employment status of close relatives in the system in the process of comprehensively promoting recruitment in the Group, and refuse to hire those who should be avoided, so as to prevent nepotism from the source.

  8. Improve the system and mechanism, and plug the management loopholes of "lax implementation of retirement policies", "spamming subsidies", "going abroad illegally for private reasons (territory) and going abroad without approval". The regulations on the dismissal and retirement of people who have reached the age have been strictly defined, and the rectification plan for the problem that the members of the PICC P&C insurance team have not retired has been formulated and is being implemented. The Notice on Strengthening the Management of Total Wages was issued, which standardized the channels for paying salaries and strictly implemented the provisions on deferred payment of salaries. Improve the Interim Measures for Welfare Management of Group Companies and strengthen the welfare management of the group. Revised the Group’s Interim Measures for the Administration of Going Abroad for Private Purposes, and further tightened the management of certificates for going abroad, examination and approval authority and procedures, and accountability. The verification mechanism for accepting and reporting cases of letters and visits by selecting and employing people was further improved, and 8 cases were verified in March, exceeding the number in previous years.

  (3) Rectification of strict rules and regulations and strengthening supervision and accountability.

  The Party Committee of the Group fully supports the work of the Commission for Discipline Inspection, improves the organizational system of discipline inspection and supervision, strictly and promptly investigates and deals with violations of discipline according to discipline, and resolutely stands up discipline and rules.

  1. Focus on disciplinary review to form a deterrent. The Party Committee of the Group attaches great importance to the problem clues assigned by the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work and letters and visits from the masses. The Secretary of the Party Committee personally supervises, and the Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission directs, uniformly deploys personnel, and concentrates on disciplinary review, strengthening discipline and establishing rules. During the inspection, the Group seriously investigated and dealt with 32 clues, of which 24 were assigned by the Central Inspection Team and 8 were self-inspected. It also dealt with 75 people who violated the rules and went abroad for private reasons. A total of 133 person-times were investigated for responsibility, of which 23 were punished by Party discipline, 10 by political discipline and 100 by organization. The broad masses of cadres and employees of the group responded strongly and played a deterrent role. During the rectification period, the accountability for discipline has not diminished, and the scale is not loose. We will continue to be strict and realistic, and consolidate the results of inspection and rectification. A total of 2 batches of 208 letters and visits handed over by the Central Inspection Team were verified. Among them, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Group organized 14 letters and visits by itself, and the rotor company handled 194 letters and visits. At present, the initial verification of all the letters and visits has been completed. In view of the verified problems, there are 128 persons who violate the rules and regulations (34 disciplinary actions, 34 disciplinary actions, and 60 organizational handling and criticism and education), involving 26 group management cadres or employees of the group headquarters. Among them, there are 14 clues about mental problems that violate the eight central regulations, and 30 people who violate the rules and regulations have been dealt with and entered the processing procedure (17 disciplinary actions, 2 disciplinary actions, and 11 organizational handling and criticism and education);There are 3 clues about violations of political discipline that have been verified, and 3 people who have been dealt with and entered the handling procedures (1 person was disciplined by the party and 2 people were organized to deal with it).

  2. Deepen the rectification of the four winds issue. First, seriously carry out the "four winds" rectification and "look back". We comprehensively sorted out the "four winds" problem and its rectification found by the feedback from the central inspection, the party’s mass line education practice activities, the "three strictness and three realities" special education activities, the feedback from the Commission for Discipline Inspection to the party committees at the same level, and the clues of letters and visits, and formed a list of rectification problems step by step, so that all the items were settled. The "four winds" problem fed back by the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work has been decomposed and implemented 161 times in the system (including the data of rectification and implementation of the same problem in different subsidiaries and institutions at different levels, the same below), and 136 times have been rectified; 6,193 other "four winds" problems found and rectified, 5,182 have been rectified, 1,010 are being rectified, and 1 listed plan has not been rectified; The Central Leading Group for Inspection Work assigned 62 clues to the "four winds" problem, 61 of which have been completed and 1 is being rectified; 112 other clues involving the "four winds" issue have been completed; The Group and its subsidiaries took the lead in carrying out 13 special rectification activities on "four winds". The second is to standardize salary and benefits. Regarding the problem of illegal and over-standard payment of salaries and expenses under various pretexts,Instruct the parties to return the payment, and thus strictly enforce the rigid provisions and disciplinary requirements of salary and welfare. In strict accordance with the Ministry of Finance’s "Administrative Measures for the Audit of the Remuneration of Heads of Central Financial Enterprises", we will fully recover the salaries that three leading cadres have received in violation of regulations. According to the requirements of the Group, all subsidiaries shall comprehensively clean up the subsidized projects in Tianjin, and stop issuing benefits such as meal allowance, communication fee and holiday fee; Completely stop insuring for "small groups" at ultra-low rates, and the premium rate in the later period is in line with the market price level, and the previous premium has been paid back, and personal income tax has been paid back gradually; Strictly dispose of vehicles that exceed the standard. After the release of the eight central regulations, the whole system purchased 73 official vehicles that exceed the standard. Through the evaluation of professional institutions, 56 vehicles have been publicly auctioned, and other vehicles are being processed; Further improve the business management system, improve the management regulations of brokerage agency business, standardize the avoidance of relatives of leading cadres in business operations, and resolutely put an end to nepotism and related transactions. The third is the outstanding problem of special rectification. Comprehensively self-examine the problem of going abroad (abroad) illegally, and ask 75 leading cadres involved to make a review at the democratic life meeting and informed criticism. Two people were dismissed from their posts in the Party, three were given warnings in the Party, two were given administrative warnings, one was removed from his post and restricted from leaving the country for one year, four were restricted from leaving the country for one year, 24 were admonished, two were given warnings in the Party and one was removed from his post. Revise and improve the Interim Measures for the Administration of Group Going Abroad for Private Purposes, and will go abroad.The centralized management of certificates has been expanded from department level to all levels, and the approval module for going abroad for personal reasons has been added to the office system to standardize the approval process. The whole system has centralized management of 3058 certificates for going abroad for personal reasons.

  3. Strong governance of illegal business problems. In view of the illegal business problems such as false intermediary, false expenses, false underwriting of agricultural insurance and claims settlement, we will increase accountability. The first is to comprehensively start the rectification of agricultural insurance problems. For 67 judicial cases of agricultural insurance that occurred since 2013, we will strengthen the accountability and correction of relevant responsible personnel. Of the 76 people involved in the case who have been concluded by the judicial organs, 59 have been held accountable, including 19 disciplinary actions, 37 disciplinary actions and 22 organizational actions. For the false claim of planting insurance of a company in Henan Province in 2013, the relevant personnel were investigated step by step, and a total of 13 people were held accountable. On February 26th, 2016, the Group held the 10th system-wide rural insurance work conference to implement the spirit of Document No.1 of the Central Committee, requiring the whole system to treat the rural insurance from the perspective of serving the transformation of government functions, innovating social governance and people’s livelihood, and to continuously expand the rural insurance with new measures such as improving management and control mode, strengthening platform construction and improving service and support capabilities. PICC P&C was instructed to formulate the Inspection and Rectification Plan of the Agricultural Insurance Division, and issued the Notice on Implementing the Feedback from the Central Inspection to Carry out Agricultural Insurance Rectification in an All-round Way, so as to carry out agricultural insurance rectification in a comprehensive, systematic and in-depth manner, implement the whole process business management of agricultural insurance, realize the close interaction and risk balance between agricultural insurance underwriting and claims, and effectively control the behavior of false underwriting and claims. Second, in-depth rectification in the fields of intermediary management and expense management. Up to now, the amount of false intermediaries has been rectified by measures such as account adjustment and fund recovery, totaling 140 million yuan;Through measures such as increasing the taxable income of enterprise income tax, recovering funds, and paying back personal income tax, the amount of fictitious expenses has been rectified by 480 million yuan. And further improve the long-term rectification measures: in strengthening expense management, formulate a standardized financial system for expenses, optimize various expense allocation systems, and improve the salary quota allocation model; In terms of strictly controlling the withdrawal of funds through fictitious intermediary business, we should improve the internal control system of intermediary business management, seriously examine and manage the intermediary qualification access, and strictly monitor and inspect the intermediary business process. The third is to focus on strengthening the special governance of violations of laws and regulations by grassroots branches. On March 3rd, the Group held a kick-off meeting on the construction of internal control system for branches at the prefecture, county and district levels, and implemented the framework model of internal control system in all institutions at the prefecture, county and district levels of three insurance companies. Grass-roots internal control model will bring integrity risk into the control scope, and accelerate the construction of a strict and standardized operation control system for processes including people, finance and materials. By improving the control system and strengthening accountability, the problem of frequent cases in grass-roots branches can be solved.

  4. Strengthen the construction of discipline inspection and supervision organization system. Implement the regulations of party constitution, return to the responsibility of discipline inspection and supervision, effectively promote the work of "three changes" and build a discipline inspection and supervision team with iron discipline. The first is to improve the discipline inspection and supervision organization. In February, 2016, the Supervision and Audit Department of the Group was formally set up and operated independently, which increased the number of offices and establishments in the discipline inspection and supervision department. Instructed the headquarters of six major subsidiaries to set up independent supervision departments, and the setting work was basically in place. It is explicitly required that qualified provincial branches independently set up discipline inspection and supervision departments, and all provincial branches of insurance subsidiaries are equipped with full-time discipline inspection and supervision cadres. Since the inspection, the system has added 52 full-time supervisors. The second is to increase the clean-up efforts of the secretary of the Disciplinary Committee. At present, the secretary of the Disciplinary Committee of the Group, subsidiaries and provincial branches all quit from the responsibilities related to people, finance and materials, and only take charge of the functional departments related to supervision, such as discipline inspection and supervision, auditing, compliance and risk management, and focus on the main business of supervision, discipline and accountability. For provincial branches with too few team members and it is difficult to form a separation of powers when the secretary of the Disciplinary Committee withdraws from business management, the relevant subsidiaries have been instructed to formulate a work plan for the staffing of provincial institutions and adjusting the division of work of the secretary of the Disciplinary Committee to solve the problem within a time limit. The Group’s 2016 discipline inspection and supervision meeting has clearly put forward targeted measures and requirements for the problem of insufficient discipline inspection and supervision power of prefecture-level institutions. Up to now, PICC P&C Insurance, PICC Health Insurance and PICC Life Insurance have formulated specific plans for the staffing of local branches and the division of labor among disciplinary committee secretaries and submitted them to the Group Disciplinary Committee.According to the documents issued by the Party Committee and the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Group, the whole system is establishing and improving the evaluation mechanism for the secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection, which is mainly based on the higher-level Commission for Discipline Inspection and the organization of personnel departments. The third is to improve the ability of supervision and discipline. The Group has issued the Manual of Integrity Education in the Whole Process of Hierarchical Classification, which distinguishes different levels and posts, and defines the key contents, methods and frequencies of integrity education. The Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Group organized and wrote five practical courseware, such as "Discipline Inspection", "Letters and Visits Check" and "Integrity Risk Prevention and Control", which were distributed to the whole system for training. Before February 21, the first batch of training for disciplinary Committee secretaries and discipline inspection and supervision backbones of institutions above the provincial level was completed. During the inspection and rectification, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Group established a collective research system for problem clue handling and disciplinary review, which provided a basis for the problem clue handling of the Group and its subsidiaries and further standardized the problem clue handling. The Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Group regularly organizes the departments of audit, compliance, risk management and investment, finance and business development to communicate information, and feeds back the management problems found by the discipline inspection and supervision departments to the relevant functional departments to build a collaborative supervision mechanism.

  5. Strengthen grasping early and grasping small. Revise and issue the Regulations on Inspection Work of PICC China Group, and formulate the Group’s Inspection Work Plan for 2016. On the basis of full coverage of subsidiaries’ inspections, focus on key matters and key people, and carry out special inspections for provincial branches with many problems, so as to play the role of the sword of inspections and promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party to the grassroots. The Group has formulated and promulgated the Interim Provisions on Standardizing the Handling of Reminding Conversations, Admonishing Conversations and Letters and Inquiries, which will institutionalize and normalize early grasping and small grasping. In the disciplinary review, the system of "double investigation of one case" was strengthened, focusing on "one post and two responsibilities" to carry out "double investigation of one case", highlighting accountability, and forcing leading cadres in party member to assume the main responsibility of building a clean and honest party style. People’s Insurance Company of China held a special party committee to deeply reflect on the problem of poor reporting and handling measures of Hebei and Liaoning branches, and made an in-depth analysis of this problem as a typical example of the party committee’s failure to perform its duties as the main responsibility. The party committee of People’s Insurance Company of China specially reported the inspection report to the party committee of the group. During the inspection and rectification period, a total of five people were investigated by party discipline and political discipline because their main responsibilities and supervisory responsibilities were not in place. The secretary of the Party Committee of the Group directly interviewed the secretary of the Disciplinary Committee of a subsidiary that approved the report letter to the reporter. In order to deal with one education, a major case notification system has been established. Since the central inspection, institutions at all levels of the system have carried out various warning education for 261 times, covering more than 270,000 cadres and employees.

  (four) on strengthening the awareness of reform and promoting the development of rectification.

  Focusing on the key tasks such as implementing the central decision-making and deployment, implementing the overall strategy of the Group, and integrating internal resources, the Party Committee of the Group exerts the positive energy brought by the central inspection, forcing reform and improving the management level of the Group.

  1 resolutely implement the central decision-making and deployment, and actively fulfill political, economic and social responsibilities. The Party Committee of the Group further improved its political acumen, insisted on positioning the insurance and investment business from the height of stressing politics and taking care of the overall situation, and consciously fulfilled its social responsibilities. First, implement the party’s policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers. PICC P&C is required to take the reform of the Agricultural Insurance Division as the starting point, improve the business model and management model, and carry out in-depth rectification of agricultural insurance. Increase the development of aquaculture insurance business, and turn it into a profit-oriented development value-oriented one. Improve the compensation ability of agricultural insurance products, and reduce the starting point of compensation for drought and pest losses from 70% to 30% in 2015 to ensure that more farmers can get insurance compensation after the disaster. Focusing on the implementation of the State Council’s opinions on promoting health service industry and accelerating the development of modern insurance service industry, we will actively develop long-term care insurance products and cooperate in the pilot project in Haidian District, Beijing to provide long-term care guarantee for disabled people; Actively develop rural inclusive insurance products, and successively launched 18 micro-insurance products, forming a relatively complete rural micro-insurance product system; Launched the sales of insurance products for a better life in Dalian pension community, and further explored the mode of combining pension community with insurance products; In view of the national health insurance personal tax preferential policy, actively participate in the personal tax preferential health insurance pilot, develop personal tax preferential health insurance products, and take the lead in launching in the whole industry; Focusing on the scientific and technological innovation of insurance services, we will increase the development of scientific and technological insurance products and gradually establish a sound scientific and technological insurance system.The Group is formulating the Supervision System on Implementing the Central Economic Work Principles and Policies, which will implement a series of important arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the industry supervision departments on insurance to support economic and social development, and will be incorporated into the Group’s business supervision system for subsidiaries, which will be supervised on a monthly basis. Second, the Party Committee of the Group strengthens the organization and leadership of medium and long-term planning. The Group set up a leading group headed by the Party Secretary and attended by other team members, initiated the preparation of the Group’s 13th Five-Year Plan, and strengthened the Party Committee’s research and decision-making on the Group’s overall, long-term and fundamental major issues. We established and implemented the annual business plan and key work arrangement system, issued the 2016 Key Work Arrangement Table, and established 109 annual key work items in 7 categories of the Group, which transformed the major strategy and deployment of the Party Committee of the Group into concrete measures. Third, the Party Committee of the Group strengthened its duties and responsibilities. Resolutely implement the central government’s decision-making and deployment, and study and introduce relevant measures around key areas of economy, society and people’s livelihood, such as serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers, catastrophe protection, social governance, and medical security: building a more professional, open and effective insurance platform for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, vigorously developing rural inclusive finance, and extending rural insurance service chain and value chain; Continue to promote the pilot project of catastrophe insurance and supplement and improve the disaster relief system; Actively develop comprehensive public security, medical liability insurance, food safety liability insurance, environmental pollution liability insurance and other types of insurance related to the national economy and people’s livelihood to better protect and improve people’s livelihood; Set up a social medical insurance center from top to bottom, and establish and improve the franchise mechanism. Adhere to the problem orientation,Study and promote the pilot project of housing reverse mortgage pension insurance. Actively explore the old-age insurance security model combining medical care with nursing care, and build a healthy old-age industrial chain model with people’s insurance characteristics.

  2. Strengthen internal control and promote the integration of the Group. The Party Committee of the Group seized the bull’s nose of strategic management and control, led the integration construction of the whole group, and made efforts to solve the problems such as "the management chain of the Group is too long, the management and control power is poor, the resource integration is not in place, and the core competitiveness is not strong". First, strengthen the organic connection between the group strategy and the subsidiary strategy. Organize all subsidiaries to formulate and improve their own strategies according to the Group’s 13th Five-Year Plan, so as to ensure that the goals of the whole group are consistent and mutually supportive, and avoid the disconnection between the upper and lower levels and the out-of-control strategy. Promote the relevant functional departments of the Group to prepare functional plans such as human resources, capital management, business development, strategic asset allocation, information construction, brand building and risk management, refine the action plan, and realize the organic combination of the overall planning and special functional planning of the Group. Prepare a three-year rolling plan and adjust the medium and long-term strategy in a timely manner. Conduct a strategic implementation evaluation once a year, and instruct all subsidiaries and relevant functional departments to submit planning implementation evaluation reports on an annual basis, and rectify problems in time to ensure that the development of each business unit is always consistent with the strategic direction of the Group. The second is to promote the resource integration of the Group with the construction of four platforms as the starting point. Firmly and steadily promote integration, focus on organizing and coordinating the "four platforms" projects of unified big data platform, unified customer sharing platform, unified e-commerce platform and unified health management platform, start the formulation of unified security policy, promote mobile internet projects, and unify incremental and integrated stocks.Comprehensively improve the level of information sharing and centralized management and control of the Group. The Management Measures for the Group’s Unified Information Security Strategy was formulated and issued. The infrastructure of the Group’s unified big data platform and the Group’s unified customer sharing platform have been basically completed. The Group’s unified e-commerce platform has achieved initial results relying on PICC P&C Insurance, and the Group’s unified health management platform has entered the construction and implementation stage relying on PICC Health. The third is to promote the construction of an integrated comprehensive risk management system with the focus on three projects. In order to meet the actual needs of the Group’s overall listing and consolidated risk management, the Group launched three projects, namely, risk preference system, economic capital model and risk basic data platform phase II, which were accepted on March 22nd. Through the gradual downward decomposition of the group’s overall risk preference (total risk), the risk budget is formed, and the risk management responsibility is implemented at all levels of the group company and subsidiaries, forming visible and tangible risk constraints, and unifying the decentralized risk management work under the two-level corporate governance structure of the group to the overall strategic objectives of the group. The completion of the three projects has unified the risk management policies of the whole group and improved the professional and technical level of risk management of the group.

  3. Strengthen business collaboration and enhance the overall competitiveness of the Group. Taking solving the cross-cutting problem of medical insurance business as the breakthrough point, we will focus on strengthening the cooperation between PICC P&C Insurance and PICC Health Business, promoting the cross-interaction among the three subsidiaries of Production, Health and Life Insurance, establishing a cooperative mechanism between the insurance sector and the investment sector, and enhancing the group’s joint efforts. First, vigorously rectify the lack of coordination in medical insurance business between PICC P&C Insurance and PICC Health. The Group has successively formulated and issued Opinions on Standardizing the Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Cross-selling, Cooperation Agreement on Jointly Carrying out Serious Illness Insurance for Urban and Rural Residents, and Notice on Further Strengthening the Cooperation of Serious Illness Insurance Business, resulting in malicious competition in informed criticism. The Plan of Health Insurance Reorganization and Integration of China People’s Insurance Group was formulated and implemented, which promoted the integration of medical insurance business through equity integration, and promoted the two subsidiaries of PICC P&C Insurance and PICC Health to deepen resource sharing and strengthen business collaboration in the fields of government-commissioned business such as medical insurance and health industry chain expansion. Formulate institutional measures to eliminate cross-business conflicts, clarify the responsibilities and rights of all parties, and reduce internal disorderly competition. The second is to strengthen the synergy mechanism between the investment sector and the insurance sector. The Group has established the Investment Committee for Strategic Asset Allocation, which serves as the investment decision support platform at the group level, with the participation of insurance companies and investment sectors, to collectively study and coordinate major issues such as major strategic investments and strategic asset allocation. The Group took the lead in establishing a regular roadshow mechanism for internal asset management products and building a communication platform between insurance companies and investment companies.Implement task decomposition and index assessment for the investment sector to drive the growth of insurance business. The investment assets of the three insurance subsidiaries in the group have all been entrusted, forming a unified investment standard. The third is to promote the development of cross-interactive business. Vigorously promote key projects such as the Group’s unified customer sharing platform, customer grouping management and in-depth analysis, and the Group’s integrated sales support platform, and constantly consolidate the foundation of customers and sales channels for cross-interaction. Focusing on the construction and improvement of key mechanisms such as "unified job number", cross-selling commission settlement and cross-selling into the basic law assessment, it has promoted the optimization of business processes and the establishment of interest mechanisms related to cross-interaction among the three subsidiaries of Production, Health and Life. Actively promote the co-construction and sharing of rural power grids and community stores, provide integrated insurance services rooted in the community, and build an efficient coordinated development mechanism. In 2015, China PICC Group realized cross-interaction premium income of 26.175 billion yuan, up 13.8% year-on-year.

  Third, take the opportunity of inspection and rectification to comprehensively deepen the strict management of the party and promote the sustained and healthy development of PICC Group.

  Two months’ comprehensive rectification has achieved phased results, but this is only a new starting point for China PICC Group to strictly manage the party in an all-round way. The Party Committee of the Group will continue to give full play to the positive energy of the special inspection by the Central Committee, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, further strengthen the main responsibility of managing the party and the party, and turn the positive energy inspired by the inspection and rectification work into a strong driving force for the Group’s reform and development with a more energetic spirit.

  (1) Strengthen responsibility and comprehensively promote the strict administration of the party.

  The Party Committee of the Group will further enhance its political consciousness, overall situation consciousness, core consciousness and conformity consciousness, strengthen its main responsibility, give full play to the leading core role of the Party Committee, and resolutely shoulder the "hard task" of managing the Party. Conscientiously implement the "one post and two responsibilities", deploy, implement and check the party building and the group management together, strengthen the accountability of assessment, and do a good job in the debriefing of party Committee secretaries and the evaluation of party building work, so as to truly turn the main responsibility into a "hard indicator". Improve and perfect the grass-roots party organizations, promote the standardization of grass-roots party building work, and put an end to the gradual weakening of party building work within the group. Adhere to the problem-oriented, "learning" should be guided by problem learning, and "doing" should be changed according to the problem. The study and education of "two studies and one doing" should be carried out in two levels, namely, the headquarters of groups and subsidiaries, provincial and lower branches, so as to effectively consolidate educational practice activities and the achievements of "three strictness and three realities" special education, promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party to the grassroots level, and provide a strong organizational guarantee for the integrated construction and customer-centered transformation and development of PICC Group.

  (2) Strengthen the accountability of supervision and discipline, and resolutely stand up discipline.

  Respect party constitution, strictly implement the Code of Integrity and Self-discipline in the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Regulations on Disciplinary Actions in the Communist Party of China (CPC), effectively get rid of the idea of "enterprise particularity", adhere to discipline before the law, and resolutely put discipline and rules ahead. Make full use of the patrol sword and audit sharp weapon, use the "four forms", increase serious accountability, keep a close eye on the new forms and trends of "four winds", persistently implement the spirit of the eight central regulations, and resolutely prevent the "four winds" issue from rebounding. Adhere to the "double investigation of one case", and seriously investigate the responsibility of the parties, the main responsibility and the supervision responsibility of the units and departments that have serious violations of discipline. Carry out centralized rectification to solve the problem of frequent violations at the grassroots level. We should make great efforts to catch early and catch small, strengthen warning education, educate people around us with cases around us, let party member cadres always feel the power of organization and supervision, awaken and strengthen the sense of discipline and rules of all party member cadres in the Group, and strictly implement various rules of honesty and self-discipline. Conduct a party discipline education throughout the system, integrate discipline education into business work, and penetrate into all aspects of business management. Make full use of the "Handbook of Integrity Education in the Whole Process of Hierarchical Classification" and the "Handbook of Integrity Practice Red Line" compiled and distributed, strengthen the education of professional ethics and industry norms, raise the awareness of risk prevention and integrity practice, and let the cadres and employees be alert, clear the bottom line and know awe.Consciously obey the rules and discipline, resist corruption and prevent change.

  (3) Strengthen institutional mechanisms and consolidate the results of inspection and rectification.

  2016 is the "year of comprehensive rectification" determined by the Party Committee of China People’s Insurance Group, mainly to comprehensively implement the rectification tasks such as the special inspection of the central government, the audit of the National Audit Office, and the "review" of the rectification of the "four winds" by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, so as to comprehensively rectify and consolidate the results of the inspection and rectification. We will persist in the efforts of rectification, do a good job in the continuous promotion and "looking back" of inspection and rectification, and earnestly consolidate and improve. Adhere to the combination of governing the party according to regulations and governing enterprises according to law, and continuously improve various rules and regulations. The established system, with process management, procedural provisions, information means to improve the effectiveness of the system, enhance the implementation of the system; If the system is not perfect, it should be problem-oriented, focusing on the root cause and prevention. Strengthen and improve the daily supervision and special inspection of system implementation, improve the accountability mechanism and enhance the authority of the system. With the help of the risk preference system, the economic capital model and the second phase of the risk basic data platform, through the implementation of the internal control system framework model, we will establish a thorough supervision mechanism, build an integrated comprehensive risk management system with people’s insurance characteristics, tie up and tighten the system cage including the construction of party style and clean government, standardize business behavior fundamentally, and consolidate the management foundation of the group.

  (D) Strengthen the ability to implement the strategy and serve the country’s economic and social development.

  During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, by strengthening the party building work and continuously consolidating the political advantages of the group, a new pattern of China People’s Insurance Group was formed to strengthen the leadership of the party and promote scientific development. Guided by the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the Party Committee of China PICC Group will firmly establish the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, scientifically plan and implement the Group’s "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" development blueprint, strictly manage the Party in an all-round way, continue to promote customer-centered transformation, maintain steady growth, concentrate on reform and innovation, strengthen value creation, enhance professional ability, deepen transformation and development, and keep the risk bottom line. Firmly establish a big pattern thinking, give full play to the function of insurance, participate in, serve and promote economic and social development more firmly, and make new and greater contributions to building a well-off society in an all-round way.

  This special inspection tour of the Central Committee is of great significance to promoting the Party building and company development of PICC China Group. We will take this inspection and rectification as an opportunity, resolutely follow the requirements of the "five in one" overall layout and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, earnestly shoulder the political responsibility of managing the party, earnestly strengthen the party’s leadership over enterprises, and promote the sustained and healthy development of the Group with tangible rectification results.

  Cadres and the masses are welcome to supervise the implementation of inspection and rectification. If you have any comments, please report them to us in time.

  Tel: 010— 62616611 to 2061

  Address: Supervision Department of PICC Group, No.28 Tsinghua West Road, Haidian District, Beijing.

  Postal code: 100084

  Email: jubao@picc.com.cn

  Committee of China People’s Insurance Group Co., Ltd.

  April 25, 2016