标签归档 武汉桑拿会所

　　Centralized rectification of apps involving children, special rectification of search engine links, special rectification of website navigation websites, special action to crack down on using cloud disk to spread illegal information, special rectification of illegal WeChat public accounts, special rectification of online ecological problems and recruitment websites ‘ Serious violation of regulations and dishonesty ’ Review on the implementation of "Special rectification of travel websites" and "Regulations on the Management of Internet User Account Names" ("Ten Accounts") … … In order to promote the clear cyberspace, in view of the key links and key contents that are strongly reflected by the majority of netizens and concentrated in reporting, in 2016, the National Network Information Office took the lead with relevant ministries and commissions to carry out a series of special actions of "Clear and Clear", attacking hard and thoroughly rectifying network ills.

　　The comprehensive rectification has achieved remarkable results.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the National Network Information Office, the "Qinglang" series of special actions is a cyberspace governance action led by the National Network Information Office, with the participation of many departments such as industry and information, public security, culture, industry and commerce, press, publication, radio and television, etc. The governance scope covers all aspects of platforms such as portals, search engines, website navigation, Weibo WeChat, mobile clients, cloud disks, recruitment websites and travel websites, and the governance content includes all kinds of illegal words, pictures and audio and video information. During the special campaign, a total of 1.045 million illegal accounts, 1.29 million spaces and groups for spreading obscenity, false rumors, violence and blood were closed, account holders were interviewed more than 600 times, nearly 500 websites were interviewed, more than 2,000 illegal websites were closed, more than 73,000 cases were related to inserting boards, and 95.29 million yuan was fined, resulting in the arrest of telecommunication network fraud, spreading "pornography" and spreading.

　　Coordinate and form a joint force of supervision

　　During the special action, the departments of network information, industrial information, public security, culture, industry and commerce, press, publication, radio and television at all levels performed their duties, cooperated closely and managed together. The network information department plays an overall coordinating role, is responsible for promoting various tasks of the special action, and comprehensively strengthens the supervision and management of online information content in all aspects of PC and mobile. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will consolidate the basic management of the Internet, strengthen the management of website filing, IP address and domain name, give full play to technical advantages, strengthen technical means, and deal with illegal websites in conjunction with relevant Internet management departments. The public security organs severely cracked down on illegal and criminal acts such as online gambling, telecommunication network fraud, and network infringement of citizens’ personal information, and investigated and dealt with various criminal organizations and personnel. The cultural department focused on online games, online performances, online animation and online music, carried out special rectification of the online cultural market, closed serious illegal online performance rooms, and disposed of illegal online performers. The industrial and commercial departments strengthened the supervision of the online advertising market, issued the Notice on Further Improving the Supervision of Internet Advertising, promulgated and implemented the Interim Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising, and effectively regulated Internet advertising activities. The press, publication, radio, film and television departments revised and promulgated the Regulations on the Management of Online Publishing Services, and issued the Notice on the Management of Mobile Game Publishing Services, focusing on discovering and handling illegal issues in online publishing, online audio-visual programs and other businesses, and strengthening the content review of various online game works.

　　In addition, while carrying out the "Clear" series of special actions, the National Network Information Office, together with the National Office for Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Copyright Administration and other departments, has carried out special actions such as online "sweeping pornography and illegal publications", online cracking down on infringement and counterfeiting, and "sword net", continuously rectifying illegal and illegal information such as online obscenity, pornography, infringement and piracy, continuously enhancing the awareness of law-abiding rights protection of websites and netizens, and promoting a clearer cyberspace.

　　Innovative measures to promote social co-governance

　　The reporter learned that on the basis of summing up the experience of previous special actions, the National Network Information Office paid more attention to giving full play to the positive role of netizens, experts and scholars, industry associations and think tank groups, innovating work measures, accepting good advice and suggestions, and promoting the formation of a new pattern of cyberspace governance shared by the whole society. For example, widely mobilize netizens to report, sort out and summarize the report information, and carry out key special inspections to provide strong support for subsequent disposal; Set up a review group led by internet society of china and participated by all relevant national network social organizations to carry out sub-field review and make suggestions for cyberspace governance; Strengthen the application of new technologies such as cloud computing, big data analysis and information retrieval in cyberspace governance, and guide Internet companies to strengthen technological innovation and improve the level of technological governance; Entrust a third-party professional think tank to thoroughly investigate the current situation of the website, start to build an ecological evaluation system of online public opinion, dynamically evaluate the ecological status of the website, and establish a "barometer" of online public opinion ecology.

　　Draw inferences from others and improve the long-term mechanism.

　　"Must be in ‘ Chang ’ ‘ Long ’ Work hard to promote special actions to normal governance and promote standardization, institutionalization and proceduralization of work. " The relevant person in charge of the National Network Information Office said, "Take ‘ Wei Zexi Event ’ For example, in May this year, while the National Network Information Office conducted an investigation on Baidu in conjunction with relevant departments, ‘ Inference ’ , deployed and carried out ‘ Special rectification of search engine links ’ , urge major search engine companies to comprehensively clean up and rectify commercial promotion information, comprehensively rectify search derivative services, and optimize bidding ranking rules. After the end of the special rectification, the National Network Information Office drafted the "Regulations on the Administration of Internet Information Search Services", which solidified the effective experience measures during the special rectification period and has now been implemented on August 1 this year. "

　　It is understood that during the "Qinglang" special action, the National Network Information Office also cooperated with the legislature to promote the promulgation of the Cyber Security Law, took the lead in drafting the Regulations on the Protection of Minors’ Networks, revised the Regulations on the Management of Internet News Information Services, formulated the Regulations on the Management of Mobile Internet Application Information Services and the Regulations on the Management of Internet Live Broadcasting Services, conducted administrative law enforcement training in the national network information system, issued the first batch of new administrative law enforcement certificates for the management of Internet information content, and continued to promote the administrative law enforcement of the national network information.

　　The relevant person in charge of the National Network Information Office said that in the next step, the National Network Information Office will continue to combine daily supervision with special actions in accordance with the working idea of "emphasizing basic norms and basic management, strengthening the main responsibility of websites and strengthening the responsibility of territorial management", and further urge Internet companies to fulfill their main responsibilities and fulfill the obligation of "gatekeeper" of online information content. At the same time, he pointed out that "cyberspace is the common spiritual home of hundreds of millions of people" and hoped that the whole society would work together to safeguard a good network ecology and create a clean and tidy network environment for the majority of netizens, especially teenagers.

　　[car home Engine Disassembly] Engine energy saving and emission reduction is the general trend. In order to comply with the trend, major automobile manufacturers around the world have introduced small-displacement turbocharged engines to win market opportunities. American manufacturers, who have always been regarded as keen on large-displacement engines, have also actively carried out research and development of small-displacement turbocharged engines in recent years. Ford is one of them, and its latest 1.5T EcoBoost engine (hereinafter referred to as "Ford 1.5T engine") is the first to be installed on the 2013 Changan Ford Mondeo. After the launch of Changan Ford Mondeo, the 1.5T engine was also mounted on the main models of Changan Ford such as Maverick, Focus and Taurus. What we are going to dismantle today is this Ford 1.5T small-displacement turbocharged in-cylinder direct injection engine. What kind of characteristics does it have? Let’s find out by disassembling it.

Low Ford 1.5T engine of those things.

　　European emission regulations have always been very strict, forcing manufacturers to improve their engine design to reduce emissions. Therefore, Ford European technical team has more mature experience in developing low-emission engines. The 1.5T engine to be dismantled today is a small-displacement turbocharged direct injection engine designed by Ford European technical team.

　　This Ford 1.5T engine is a global engine product, which means that its emission level can meet the emission targets of all countries in the world. When the engine is put into a specific market, it must be adjusted domestically to meet the local use environment. China has a vast territory, a large latitude span, and a large altitude difference and temperature difference. The engine engineer in charge of domestic adjustment must go to cold yakeshi, hot Hainan and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with thin air to adjust the parameters of the engine management system accordingly, so as to ensure that the engine can work efficiently and stably anywhere in China.

　　The 1.6T engine is equipped with an external air-cooled intercooler, and the exhaust manifold is not integrated in the cylinder head. The 1.5T engine is more mainstream in configuration, adopting water-cooled intercooler integrated in the intake manifold and integrating the exhaust manifold into the cylinder head. This Ford 1.5T engine can be regarded as an improved model of 1.6T, adopting more mainstream technologies.

　　The 1.5T engine reduces the displacement by 0.1L, but the power is increasing (the maximum power is increased by 4 HP, and the peak torque value remains unchanged). In China, the consumption tax on vehicles with 1.5T engines is 3%, while the consumption tax on vehicles with 1.6T engines is 5%. Without the 2% tax saved by 0.1L displacement, the Ford model with 1.5T engine has higher flexibility in pricing, which is conducive to improving the competitiveness of the model. It can be seen that Ford has already considered China’s tax policy when planning the engine product. (Vehicle consumption tax is included in the vehicle price and paid by the vehicle enterprise to the state)

　　Ford didn’t follow the Volkswagen who pushed the dual clutch. The 1.5T engine was matched with a 6-speed automatic gearbox, which is what I like to see. After all, with more products, consumers have more choices. Moreover, the performance and transmission efficiency of the mainstream 6-speed automatic gearbox are not low, and it has a good performance in shifting smoothness and durability, which is a recommended configuration.

　　　In the same class with Ford 1.5T engine, there are not a few models with 1.4T, 1.5T and 1.6T engines. General 1.5T engine and Ford 1.5T engine are in direct competition because of their close displacement, while Volkswagen 1.4T engine and Citroen 1.6T engine are also two powerful competitors.

　　Ford 1.5T engine is more focused on power output. Compared with other manufacturers’ 1.4T, 1.5T and 1.6T engines, the power output of this engine has obvious advantages. In terms of torque output, the torque output of Ford 1.5T engine meets the standard of mainstream 1.5T engine.

　　The 1.5T engine mounted on Changan Ford is produced by Changan Ford Motor Co., Ltd.. The engine we disassembled this time is a teaching prototype, and some parts are slightly different from the mass production model. Before it’s too late, let’s completely disassemble this engine!

● Overhead direct injection system

　　Ford 1.5T engine adopts overhead in-cylinder direct injection system, and the high-pressure gasoline nozzle is located at the top of the combustion chamber. Unlike the side nozzle, the overhead nozzle will not spray gasoline on the cylinder wall, thus avoiding the "wet wall phenomenon". Wet wall phenomenon will lead to engine oil dilution, fuel economy decline and emission increase.

● Turbocharging system

　　The turbocharger used in Ford’s 1.5T engine is provided by Borg Warner, and the maximum speed can reach 150,000 rpm. The maximum pressurization pressure of the turbocharging system of the engine can reach 1.5Bar. Like Volkswagen 1.4TSI engine and general 1.4T engine, this engine adopts an integrated exhaust manifold which can improve the thermal efficiency of the engine.

　　Compared with the turbocharging system, the overhead direct injection system of Ford 1.5T engine has more "gold content". Geometric modeling of piston crown, angle of oil jet from nozzle, position of spark plug, organization of intake and exhaust airflow and later verification of combustion system all need a lot of time and rich experience.

● Variable intake and exhaust valve timing system

　　The advantage of variable intake and exhaust valve timing technology is that the combustion exhaust gas can be removed from the cylinder by fresh air through the overlapping angle of intake and exhaust valves with a large angle to improve combustion efficiency and power output. The application of large-angle overlap angle of intake and exhaust valves in manifold injection engine may lead to the waste of fuel and increase fuel consumption. However, the in-cylinder direct injection engine does not have the above concerns, and can control the fuel injection timing and not inject fuel during scavenging, so that the gas used for scavenging is fresh compressed air without gasoline, and the fuel consumption is not increased while the combustion exhaust gas is removed. This is also one of the reasons why the mainstream direct injection engine is fuel-efficient now.

● Valve drive structure with simple structure

　　Ford 1.5T engine does not adopt roller rocker valve drive structure with complicated structure but lower friction coefficient, but adopts valve top cylinder drive structure with relatively simple structure. However, through the optimization design of camshaft, this valve drive system effectively meets the corresponding design objectives and realizes the balance between cost and benefit.

　　The use of timing belt is beneficial to reduce engine noise. The engine adopts a simple top cylinder valve drive structure, but some designs are adopted on the cam and valve seat ring to reduce friction and improve durability. The adoption of variable intake and exhaust valve timing system enables the engine to flexibly control the overlap angle of intake and exhaust valves, which makes the engine exhaust more smoothly under high load, and at the same time, the fresh air entering from the intake valve can completely "clean" the exhaust gas in the cylinder, which improves the efficiency of the engine.

● Reinforcing structure of cylinder block/cylinder head

　　Some structural designs are adopted on Ford 1.5T engine to strengthen the strength of cylinder block. The improvement of the overall strength of the engine not only improves the service life of the engine, but also has certain benefits for the NVH characteristics of the engine.

● Unique coolant tank, cylinder net pattern and oil nozzle.

　　In addition to the above-mentioned cylinder reinforcement structure, the cylinder of Ford 1.5T engine has more unique designs, and the shallow groove between the cylinders is one of them.

● Integrated intercooler

　　　The first step of engine operation is to inhale air from the environment, and for turbocharged engines, the air from the environment will be turbocharged first, and then it will be sent to the cylinder after the air pressure is increased. The blades on the turbine compressor do work on the air, which will increase the air temperature. In order to further improve the density of compressed air, increase the amount of oxygen entering the cylinder and increase the output power of the engine, there will be a device called "intercooler" in the intake system of turbocharged engine, and its function is to cool the pressurized air. According to statistics, under the same air-fuel ratio, the engine power can be increased by 3% ~ 5% for every 10 degrees Celsius drop in the temperature of pressurized air.

　　A large number of reinforcing structures are adopted on the cylinder head and cylinder block of Ford 1.5T engine to enhance the overall strength of the engine. However, the coolant tank between the cylinders and the crankshaft bearing cover bracket are very special, which are rare in other engines of the same class.

● Vacuum pressure storage tank for start-stop system.

　　We saw a box as shown above the intake manifold of Ford 1.5T engine. This box is actually a vacuum pressure storage tank, which is connected with a vacuum pump to store the negative pressure required by the brake booster pump. Then why do other models rarely see this device?

● Mechanical variable displacement oil pump

　　Ford 1.5T engine uses a mechanical variable displacement oil pump, which realizes two-stage variable displacement through internal mechanical structure. At low speed, the displacement of oil pump is kept at a low level to reduce power loss; At the middle and high speed, the displacement of the oil pump reaches the maximum, providing sufficient lubrication for each friction pair of the engine.

● Breaking connecting rod and casting crankshaft.

　　Like the engines of many mainstream joint ventures that we have dismantled, the Ford 1.5T engine uses a high-cost expansion-breaking connecting rod. The crankshaft is made of cast crankshaft, and in order to realize light weight, only four balance weights are designed.

Full text summary:

　　This 1.5T engine, developed by Ford’s European team, has undergone various bench tests and hundreds of thousands of kilometers of road tests before it is put into production in China, which ensures the high stability of the engine in extreme use environments such as high temperature, cold and high altitude, so as to meet the complex vehicle environment in China. Matching with this Ford 1.5T engine is a 6-speed automatic gearbox, which has a good performance in shifting smoothness and durability, and also meets the higher requirements of China consumers on comfort and product durability. (Photo/Text/Photo by Chang Qinglin, car home)

Related reading:

　　1.5T is very eye-catching! Comparative test of Mondeo 1.5T/2.0T
　　http://www.autohome.com.cn/drive/201312/687786.html